新能源汽车闭环供应链的多级契约决策优化  

Decision-making and coordination optimized for multi-stage closed-loop supply chain of new energy vehicle

作　　者：谢家平 李璟 杨非凡 梁玲[2] XIE Jiaping;LI Jing;YANG Feifan;LIANG Ling(School of Business,Shanghai University of Finance&Economics,Shanghai 200433,China;Tourism and Event Management School,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学商学院,上海200433 [2]上海对外经贸大学会展与旅游学院,上海201620

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2020年第2期180-193,共14页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71272015);国家社会科学基金资助重大项目(15ZDB161)。

摘　　要：随着环境问题的日益严峻,传统汽车工业面临巨大压力。虽然新能源汽车的绿色低碳为解决大气、水土污染提供了途径,但动力电池若回收不利也将对生态环境造成负面影响。文章着眼于构建新能源汽车销售及动力电池回收的多级供应链网络,在不同回收模式下对电池生产企业主导的闭环供应链进行契约协调。然后,针对动力电池回收体系不完善的社会问题,为政府找到促使销售和回收平衡的最优条件。研究发现:(1)当回收再制造利润空间满足一定条件,电池生产商倾向选择多回收渠道的模式,并且渠道竞争的加剧,对消费者和上游企业都有利;(2)当电池生产商同时参与正向销售、逆向回收上的收益共享时,"联合"共享契约可以实现供应链的协调、有效提高各企业利润;(3)电池的制造、再制造成本对回收价格和企业利润有很大影响,当技术革新、成本下降时,无论是企业还是消费者都可以获得更多的利润,进一步对单、双渠道回收模式进行选择,找出不同成本范围内的最优回收模式;(4)为了提高废旧电池回收率,政府通过征收环境保护税可以有效促进废旧电池的回收,并且最优税额随电池制造成本的增长而降低,随再制造成本的增长而增加。With the emergence of increasingly serious environmental problems,the traditional automotive industry faces enormous challenges.According to research institutes,with the overall increase in demand for new energy-efficient vehicles,by the year 2018,"lithium",the main chemical power source for batteries,will be in short supply.Although the pollution-free nature of energy-efficient vehicles provides a way to reduce problematic automobile exhaust,the poor recovery rate of batteries will definitely have a negative impact on the ecological environment.Experts predict that by 2020,only some of the pure electric and hybrid vehicles in China will have a battery scrap of 120,000 to 170,000 tons.Faced with such a huge amount of scrap,if effective recycling is not achieved,the impact on the environment will be extremely detrimental.Therefore,current research should focus on the recycling of used batteries,the design of an effective recycling system,and the formulation of a clear recycling policy in order create significant social impact.In contrast to the conventional supply chain network of new energy-efficient vehicle sales and battery recycling,the supply chain designed in this paper distributes batteries and energy-efficient vehicles simultaneously in the forward channel,while only recycling batteries through the reverse channel.In response to this recycling model,the paper constructs a three-stage supply chain network for new energy-efficient vehicle sales and battery recycling.Using Stackelberg game theory and the solution of a Nash equilibrium,a closed-loop supply chain dominated by battery manufacturers is established.Optimal pricing in decentralized decision-making and centralized decision-making is analyzed under different recycling modes.Then,two revenue-sharing contracts are designed to coordinate and optimize the supply chain.Finally,in light of the imperfections of the battery recycling system,means of regulation and management have been introduced by the government,and optimal conditions are found for achievin

关 键 词：电池回收 新能源汽车 多级闭环供应链 契约协调 

分 类 号：F273[经济管理—企业管理]