基于小生境鱼群算法的有限元模型修正多解问题研究  

Research on finite element model updating multi-alternatives problem based on niche fish swarm algorithm

作　　者：康俊涛[1] 张学强 张亚州[1] 秦世强[1] 曹鸿猷[1] 连岳泉[1] KAGN Juntao;ZHANG Xueqiang;ZHANG Yazhou;QIN Shiqiang;CAO Hongyou;LIAX Yuequan(Swarm of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期60-68,共9页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51608408);湖北省自然科学基金(2015CFB393)。

摘　　要：传统模型的修正技术采用智能算法找到一组全局最优解,能使有限元模型的计算结果与结构实际响应更加接近。实际上由于传感器数量有限,测量数据不充分及仪器识别存在误差,局部最优解可能比全局最优解更能代表结构的实际参数。因此,引入小生境技术及反向学习策略,提出了一种改进的小生境鱼群算法,并在算法运行后期采用模拟退火算法执行局部细化寻优,克服了人工鱼群算法难以找到多个函数峰值、对初值敏感、后期收敛慢且精度不高的弊端;然后,通过数值仿真分析验证其可行性;最后,将其应用在一座缩尺斜拉桥模型的修正上。为避免大量调用有限元模型,采用响应面作为代理模型,通过拉丁超立方产生试验数据,对各因素进行显著性检验,剔除无关因素后检验拟合精度。研究发现:模型修正后产生了使缩尺斜拉桥模态的计算值与实测值误差减小的1组全局最优解与7组局部最优解,从而使得决策人员可根据工程经验,从多组解中做出选择,减少了对实际结构参数误判的可能。The traditional model updating technique uses intelligent algorithms to find a set of global optimal solutions,which makes the finite element model closer to the actual structural response.Actually,since the number of objective functions is often smaller than the number of parameters to be optimized,there may be more than one global optimal solution.Because the number of sensors is limited,the measurement data is insufficient,and the instrument identification has errors,the local optimal solution may represent the actual structural parameters more than the global optimal solution.Based on that,the paper proposes a niche fish swarm algorithm,which introduces niche technology and reverse learning strategy,and uses simulated annealing algorithm to perform detailed optimization in the later stage of the algorithm,It overcomes the drawbacks of the artificial fish swarm algorithm that it is difficult to find multiple function peaks,sensitive to initial values,slow convergence and low precision,and it is verified by numerical simulation to apply it to a scaled cable-stayed bridge model.In order to avoid a large number of calls to the finite element model,this paper uses the response surface as a proxy model,generates experimental data through the Latin hypercube,performs a significant test on each factor,and eliminates the unrelated factors to test the fitting accuracy.The model updating results in a set of global optimal solutions and 7 sets of local optimal solutions that reduce the error between the calculated and measured values of the scaled cable-stayed bridge,Thus,decision makers can choose from multiple sets of solutions based on engineering experience,reducing the possibility of misjudgement of actual structural parameters.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 有限元模型修正 多解问题 小生境鱼群算法 响应面技术 

分 类 号：U448.27[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]