1975年黎巴嫩内战爆发的国内根源析论  

An Analysis of Domestic Origins of the 1975 Lebanese Civil War

作　　者：熊亮 XIONG Liang(Department of Arabic,School of Foreign Languages,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院阿拉伯语系,北京100871

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2020年第1期101-120,159,共21页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重点项目(19AGJ010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1975年黎巴嫩内战爆发,这场复杂的现代战争对中东地区乃至国际社会产生了重要影响。黎巴嫩内战的爆发有其深刻的国内根源。在政治层面,教派主义政治制度为黎巴嫩实现国家独立奠定基础,但也成为制约日后国家政治发展与改革的障碍;穆斯林社群对分享更多政治权力的诉求同基督徒社群对失去特权的担忧之间的矛盾日益尖锐,并成为引发国家认同危机的重要原因。在经济层面,黎巴嫩经济在快速发展的同时,仍面临教派和阶级矛盾激化带来的双重压力。与此同时,在后谢哈布时期,黎巴嫩政府的社会治理和危机应对能力持续弱化。上述因素的交织叠加构成了黎巴嫩内战爆发的国内根源。The 1975 Lebanese Civil War had impacted the Middle East and the international community seriously.This war was driven by its deep domestic roots.At the political level,political sectarianism laid the foundation for Lebanon to achieve national independence,but it became an obstacle to its future political development and reform.Increasing contradictions between Muslim community s demand for a larger share of political power resources and Christian community fears of losing privilege have become the main reasons for national identity crisis.At the economic level,Lebanon s economy developed rapidly,but faced dual pressure brought about by both the intensification of sectarianism and class conflicts.The Lebanese government s social governance and crisis management capability continued to weaken during the post-Chebab era.The interweaving of the above factors constitutes domestic roots of the outbreak of the 1975 Lebanese Civil War.

关 键 词：黎巴嫩内战 教派主义 国家认同 基督徒社群 穆斯林社群 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]