中国劳动者技能形成的历史逻辑及演进趋势  

On the Historical Perspective and Trends of Skills Formation of Chinese Workers

作　　者：张学英[1,2] 朱轩 康璐 Zhang Xueying;Zhu Xuan;Kang Lu(Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222;Tianjin Vocational College of Sports)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学经管学院,天津300222 [2]天津职业技术师范大学职业教育发展研究中心,天津300222 [3]天津职业技术师范大学 [4]天津体育职业学院

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2020年第1期59-66,共8页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“新时期产业工人技能形成:农民工的视角”(19FJKB017),主持人:张学英。

摘　　要：技能形成是劳动者获得技术、技巧和能力的过程,成就这个过程的是一个复杂的制度安排,涉及到政府、行业企业、劳动力市场、劳动者等多个利益相关者,且有着较强的路径依赖。技能形成的路径有内部技能形成、外部技能形成和内外融合技能形成三种。回溯历史,在手工劳动阶段,学徒制占主导,是典型的内部技能形成路径;在大工业生产阶段和现代大生产下,正规职业教育作为外部技能形成路径满足了经济体量扩张的需求;随着外部技能形成中劳动力习得技能与生产脱节的劣势凸显,内外融合技能形成路径因兼具双重优势而成为未来的演进趋势。生产力发展水平和技术进步、经济体制和劳动力市场制度是技能形成路径演进的前因变量。Skills formation refers to the process that the laborers acquire technologies,skills and abilities.This process is a complex institutional arrangement involving the government,industry enterprises,labor market,workers and other stakeholders,and has a very strong path dependence characteristics.There are three paths for skills formation:internal skill formation,external skill formation,and integral skill formation path.Looking back to history,in the stage of manual labor,apprenticeship is dominant which has typical characteristics of internal skills formation;in the stage of large-scale industrial production and modern production,formal vocational education as an external skills formation path adapts to the needs of economic volume expansion;with the disadvantage of the external skills formation path,the integral skills formation path with dual advantages is highlighted to be the future trends.The development level of productivity and the technological progress,the economic system and the labor market system are the antecedents of the evolution of skills formation path.

关 键 词：劳动者 技能形成 内部技能形成 外部技能形成 内外融合的技能形成 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]