语用学视角下的《缀白裘》缩脚语  

On the“Suo Jiao Yu”in Zhui Bai Qiu from the Perspective of Pragmatics

作　　者：王国珍[1] Wang Guozhen(School of Literature,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《伊犁师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期46-52,共7页Journal of Yili Normal University

基　　金：湖州师范学院人文社科预研究项目(2013SKYY08)。

摘　　要：“缩脚语”古称歇后语。《缀白裘》一书使用了13条缩脚语,数量较多,是清代戏曲俚俗化、舞台化的重要方式。这些缩脚语,有10例来源于日常成语、俗语,2例来源于《百家姓》《千字文》等童蒙读物,1例来源于唐诗。据考察,它们出现在三种场合:需要刻意抬高自己身份的庄重场合(雅化);卑微人物自贬的场合(调笑戏谑);不便明说,需略作暗示的场合(避讳、掩饰)。书中的这些缩脚语,有时会违反合作原则,造成交际困难,其语用动机往往是针对观众,起到幽默的效果;有时不会违反合作原则,交际能顺利完成,其语用动机是双重的,既针对听话人(有时缺省),也针对观众,其语用动机是调笑戏谑功能或避讳、掩饰功能。"Suo jiao yu"is known as"Xie Hou Yu"(two-part allegorical saying)in ancient times.In the book Zhui Bai Qiu,there are 13 Suo Jiao Yu,which is an important way to popularize and theatricalize in Qing Dynasty.Among these words,10 cases were derived from idioms and proverbs,and 2 cases were derived from children's ABC books such as Bai Jia Xing and Qian Zi Wen,and one case was from Tang Poetry.According to the investigation,they appear on three occasions:the solemn occasions where one needs to deliberately raise their own identities(elegance);the occasions in which the humble person is self-deprecating(banter);and the inconveniences that need to be slightly hinted(avoidance,cover-up).These words sometimes violate cooperative principle,which makes communication difficult.The pragmatic motivation often aims at the audience and creates humorous atmosphere.Sometimes it does not violate cooperative principle,and the communication can be successfully completed,which pragmatic motivation is dual,aiming at both the listener(sometimes default)and at the audience,and which shows following pragmatic functions:teasing function and bantering function or evasive function and concealed function.

关 键 词：缩脚语 语用功能 语用动机 

分 类 号：H134[语言文字—汉语]