概数助词“多”的形式句法和形式语义  

A Formal Syntax and Semantics of the Particle for Numerical Approximation Duo(多)

作　　者：贺川生 邓丽芳 谢丽丽 HE Chuansheng;DENG Lifang;XIE Lili(College of Foreign Languages,Hunan University,No.2,Lushan Nanlu,Changsha City,Hunan Province,410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学外国语学院,湖南省长沙市410082

出　　处：《当代语言学》2020年第2期237-253,共17页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金后期项目(19FYYB024)“中国境内民族语言逆序计数及数词系统研究”;湖南省社科基金一般项目(16YBA082)“湖南省境内民族语言数词系统句法语义界面研究”。

摘　　要：本文提出概数助词“多”的一种句法语义界面分析,在句法树的基础上建立一一对应的语义诠释步骤。在句法上,“多”只能粘在整个数词短语后面而不会只粘在位数词后面。在语义上,本文给出“多”的形式定义。这种分析既可以解释“多”能够出现的位置,又可以解释“多”不能出现的位置;既可以解释“多”能够获得的语义取值,又可以解释“多”不能获得的语义取值。本文的观点是所有类型的数词短语在句法上都可以被“多”修饰,不被修饰的情况可以通过“多”的语义本身得到解释。本文还讨论类推和重新分析在解释一些复杂现象中的作用。This article presents a syntax-semantics interface study of the particle for numerical approximation duo in order to achieve a one-to-one mapping between structure and interpretation. It aims to provide a unified account towards the distribution and interpretation of duo occurring in various syntactic environments,including the case of duo suffixing to bare numeral structures,like ershi duo‘two ten many’,but also the case of duo suffixing to numeral-measure unit structures such as shijin duo‘ten kilo many’.In the part of syntax,we argue that duo does not behave the same with cardinal numerals like si‘four’and real approximant numerals like ji‘several’. It is a particle expressing numerical approximation,as more recently called in the literature. We argue that as a particle,it is suffixed to its preceding numeral phrases in a whole instead of the numerical bases alone. This analysis receives support from similar morphemes of some minority languages in China.In the part of semantics,a compositional semantics for duo is given. This semantic definition allows duo though,suffixed to its preceding numeral phrases as a whole( hence composing with the whole numbers in semantics),to yield a minor number only based on the numerical bases but not the whole numeral phrases. This semantic analysis canguarantee correct interpretations for duo-structures.( 1) ■duo■=λn[n+( 10%×10MINexponent(n)~ 50%×10MAXexponent(n))],n is a number or a magnitude.It can be easily seen that the semantic definition for duo theoretically allows duo to be attached to any numerals of any type since this definition does not pose any restriction on the types of numbers. Although many types of numerals( hence many types of numbers) can be suffixed with duo,some types of numerals resist the suffixation of duo,as sketched below:( 2) a. wu shi duo( simple numeral base structures)五十多b. jiu qian jiu bai duo( coordinated numeral base structures)九千九百多c. er fen zhi yi duo( fractionals)二分之一多d. san dian yi duo( deci

关 键 词：“多” 概数词 句法语义界面 类推 重新分析 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]