底墒和磷肥对旱地冬小麦产量及其品质的影响  

Pre-sowing Soil Moisture and Phosphorous Fertilization Affect Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat in Dryland

作　　者：原亚琦 孙敏[1] 林文 薛建福[1] 杨珍平[1] 郝兴宇[1] 高志强[1] YUAN Yaqi;SUN Min;LIN Wen;XUE Jianfu;YANG Zhenping;HAO Xingyu;GAO Zhiqiang(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第3期50-56,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24);国家自然科学基金项目(31771727);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2017-068);作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室(201705D111007);小麦旱作栽培山西省重点创新团队项目(201605D131041)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析山西省南部旱地小麦产量及品质对底墒和磷肥的响应。【方法】在山西省南部试验设土壤3个播前底墒水平(0~100 cm土层):W1(248 mm)、W2(233 mm)、W3(205 mm),2个施磷水平,P1(75 kg/hm^2)、P2(180 kg/hm^2),研究旱地小麦籽粒产量及其蛋白质量对底墒和磷肥的响应情况。【结果】相同磷肥条件下,W1和W2处理的灌浆持续时间、渐增期持续时间高于W3处理。相同底墒条件下,渐增期和快增期籽粒增加质量和持续时间表现为P2>P1,缓增期的增加质量和持续时间表现为P1>P2,缓增期籽粒增加质量和持续时间变异系数最高,分别达25%和31%。可见,底墒和磷肥提高快增期的持续时间,增加底墒提高灌浆持续时间,增施磷肥减少缓增期持续时间。底墒250mm蛋白质产量最高,相同底墒下,蛋白质产量随磷肥的增加而增加;磷肥对产量的影响大于对蛋白质量的影响。【结论】旱地小麦灌浆过程中增期持续时间对底墒和磷肥响应较好,缓增期变异对籽粒千粒质量影响较大;底墒在250 mm处产量最高。【Background】The yield of wheat in drylands varies erratically due to the uncertain change in soil moisture and rainfall.Improving soil moisture management is hence critical to safeguard wheat production in these regions.While adding phosphorus is known to increase wheat yield,its impact on quality of wheat under different soil moistures remains elusive.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the change in winter wheat yield and quality in response to pre-sowing soil moisture and phosphorus fertilization in the Loess Plateau of China.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in the southern Shanxi Province.We compared three levels of pre-sowing soil moisture in 0-100cm soil layer:248 mm(W1),233 mm(W2)and 205 mm(W3),and two levels of phosphorus fertilization:75 kg/hm^2(P1)and 180 kg/hm^2(P2).【Result】When phosphorus fertilization was the same,the overall grain filling period in W1 and W2 was longer than that in W3.Under the same pre-sowing soil moisture,the period of quick and moderate increase in wheat grain was better in P2 than in P1.It was also found that the coefficients of variation of the period in which the wheat grain increased moderately and the increased grain was 25%and 31%,respectively.Therefore,increasing pre-sowing soil moisture and phosphorus application prolonged the period of quick increase in wheat grain;the duration of grain filling increased with the soil moisture.The duration of slow increase in wheat grain increased inversely with phosphorus fertilization.The equation for dependence of yield on water and phosphorus revealed that the protein yield was the highest when the soil moisture was 250 mm,and under the same soil moisture,the protein yield increased with phosphorus.The results also showed that phosphorus impacted on grain yield more than on protein content.【Conclusion】The duration for wheat grain to increase changed with both pre-sowing soil moisture phosphorus fertilizer,and the highest yield was when the soil moisture was 250 mm.Phosph

关 键 词：旱地冬小麦 底墒 磷肥 灌浆 蛋白质量 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学]