论墨学精神及“显学”式微的文化命运  

On the Spirit of Mohism and the Declining Cultural Fate of Famous Theories

作　　者：李振纲[1] LI Zhen-gang(School of philosophy,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会管理,河北保定071002

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第2期40-45,52,共7页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目:“我国古代治理理念研究”(编号:18JZD023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：原创性是先秦诸子学的显著特征,兼爱、非攻、刚毅、刻苦是墨家学说特有的精神气质。就墨家与儒家、道家的关系看,墨家知行于儒、道之间。一方面,出于儒而非儒,摈弃了儒家尊尊亲亲、繁文缛节的礼制等级,吸收保留了儒学“仁”“义”“信”“忠”“勇”等价值观念;另一方面,汲取了道家敬畏自然、尊重生命、反对掠夺压迫、节制寡欲、息兵反战、纯真朴素的生命哲学,悬置了道家“无为”“虚静”“不尚贤”的自然主义和玄学思维方法。墨家扬弃儒、道,以“应用主义”兼收并蓄政治、宗教与科学,自成一家之学。在先秦诸子时代,墨学与儒学并称“显学”;自汉唐以迄宋明,儒学独尊而墨学式微,长期被边缘化;清代朴学盛行,西学东渐,中国发生千年未有之大变局,儒家思想道统发生断裂;内忧外患的现实,惊醒学术界从墨家学说中汲取救亡图存、民族复兴的文化资源;墨家“兼爱”“非攻”“尚贤”“节用”的经世思想及其重物理、重逻辑、重效验的科学精神迎来再度复兴的命运。Originality is the remarkable characteristic of the pre-Qin philosophers while love,non-attack,fortitude and assiduousness are the unique spiritual temperament of Mohism.In terms of the relationship between Mohism,Confucianism and Taoism,Mohism acts between Confucianism and Taoism.On the one hand,Mohism abandons the Confucian Ceremonial hierarchy of red tape,and preserves Confucian values such as“benevolence”“righteousness”“faith”“loyalty”and“courage”.On the other hand,a pure and simple life philosophy of Taoism,which revere nature,respect life,oppose plunder and oppression,restrain desires and condemn wars,is absorbed while the naturalism and intuitionism thinking method of“inaction”“emptiness and quietness”and“no veneration for gentlemen”of Taoism are abandoned.In pre-Qin times,both Mohism and Confucianism were called“famous theories”.From the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Ming Dynasties,Confucianism was exclusive while Mohism was marginalized.In the Qing Dynasty,the domestic textology began to prevail and western learning spread to the East gradually,which resulted in the rupture of Confucian orthodoxy.Faced with the severe reality of both domestic strife and foreign aggression,the academic circles drew the cultural resources of national rejuvenation from Mohism.Mohism's thought of“universal love”“non-attack”“veneration for gentlemen”and“economy of expenditures”and its scientific spirit of emphasizing physics,logic and validity ushered in a renaissance.

关 键 词：墨学精神 显学式微 文化命运 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]