口腔科医护人员面部职业暴露的危害与防护措施  

The harm and protective measures of facial occupational exposure of dental medical and nursing personnel

作　　者：王梦溪[1] 张博 李勇 张欣多[4] 葛礼菲 常志强[2] WANG Mengxi;ZHANG Bo;LI Yong;ZHANG Xinduo;GE Lifei;CHANG Zhiqiang(Department of Stomatolo gy,the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China;College of Bioinformatics Sci ence and Technology,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China;Office of Educational Administration,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China;Office of Educational Administration,the Forth Affiliated Hospi tal of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院口腔科,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨医科大学生物信息科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨医科大学教务处,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [4]哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院教务科,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2020年第5期327-330,共4页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(QC2015124);黑龙江省教育厅高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20190435);黑龙江省大学生创业实践项目(201910226012);哈尔滨医科大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810226139)。

摘　　要：医用面部防护设备种类繁多功能各异,但由于口腔科医护人员对面部职业暴露的危害的认知不足、对防护设备功能和作用了解不全和意识上的忽视等因素导致防护用具配戴比例低。本文就口腔科医护人员面部职业暴露的危害及防护措施进行综述。文献复习结果表明,近年来艾滋病、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和多重耐药菌感染的发病率剧增,口腔科医护人员的职业感染机率也增加。口腔治疗环境的噪音、光敏固化灯冷光、治疗或者手术激光等也会对听力和视力造成职业性损伤。面部防护措施尚缺乏功能相对全面、佩戴简单的产品,所以面部防护产品功能上还需要完善和强化。要将职业感染和损伤控制到最低限度,不仅要对现有防护设备进行改进,还要从宣传教育入手提高个人防护意识,并从体制和制度上突破,全面探索提高职业安全性的有效措施,从而最终实现安全优质的医疗服务。There are many kinds of medical facial protective equipment with different functions.However,due to the lack of recognition of the hazards of facial occupational exposure,an incomplete understanding of the functions and effects of protective equipment and a lack of awareness,the proportion of staff that wear protective equipment in the De partment of Stomatology is low.In this paper,the harmful and protective effects of face occupational exposure of dental staff were reviewed.A literature review showed that with the increasing prevalence of infection with AIDS,hepatitis B,hepatitis C and multidrug resistant bacteria in recent years,the occupational infection rate of medical staff in the Depart ment of Stomatology has increased.The noise generated during oral treatment and the light from photosensitive curing lamps and treatment or surgical lasers can also cause occupational damage to hearing and vision.Face protection mea sures lack comprehensive functioning,and there is a lack of products that can be easily worn,indicating that the func tions of face protection products need to be improved and strengthened.To minimize occupational infection and injury,we should not only improve the existing protective equipment but also improve personal protection awareness through advertising and education and comprehensively explore effective measures to improve occupational safety to ultimately achieve safe and high quality medical services.

关 键 词：口腔科 职业暴露 职业损伤 院内感染 交叉感染 气溶胶 防护措施 面部防护 医用防护设备 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学] R13[医药卫生—临床医学]