文化遗产的“传统-现代”转型--从“二分法”到“四分法”  

Traditional-modern Transformation of Cultural Relics--From “Bisection” to “Quartering”

作　　者：张继焦[1] Zhang Jijiao(Institute of Ethnology and Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期17-23,共7页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所创新工程重点项目“人类学视野下的传统-现代转型”(项目编号:2019MZSCX002);中国社会科学院A类(重大)创新项目“中华民族传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展研究”(项目编号:2018MZSCA001)。

摘　　要：在推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展的过程中,我们需要走出"传统-现代"二元对立或二元选择的困境。文化遗产的"传统-现代"转型并非只出现对立或趋同两种形态,还会出现并存、联结等连续形态或中间形态,至少会出现对立、趋同、并存、联结四种不同形态。因此,我们不能再采用传统和现代"二分法",而应该运用"四分法"。我们不仅要把文化遗产放在校园、博物馆、传承人工作室、非物质文化遗产研习馆等场所看其留存和继承,更应该将其放在具体的经济社会场境(如国家、地区、城市、小镇、乡村等)看其传承和发展。我们既要看到现代化进程对文化遗产的冲击,也要看到现代文明与传统文化遗产的并存;既要看到文化遗产被动受所处经济社会场境影响的特点,也要看到文化遗产具有的能动性,其可以自主生成各种企业、组织、产业甚至产业集群等。In the process to promote creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture,we need to get out of the dilemma of binary opposition or binary selection of "the traditional and the modern".The "traditional-modern" transformation of cultural relics is not just in two forms of opposition or conformity,is also in multiple continuum or intermediate forms of coexistence and connection,that is,at least in four forms of opposition,conformity,coexistence and connection.Therefore,we cannot use the bisection of the traditional and modern any longer,instead we should use "quartering".We should not only observe the perseverance and inheritance of cultural relics on campus,in museums,in inheritors’ workshops,and intangible heritage halls;we should also observe its inheritance and development in the specific economic and social fields(such as the state,the regions,cities,townships,and villages,etc.).We should notice both the impact of modernization process on cultural relics and the coexistence of modern civilization and traditional cultural relics.We should notice both the features of cultural relics being passively influenced by the economic and social fields and the dynamics of cultural relics to initiatively generate all kinds of enterprises,organizations,industry,and even industry clusters.

关 键 词：文化遗产 “传统-现代”转型 二分法 四分法 传统文化变迁 

分 类 号：G03[文化科学]