父母教养方式及其一致性与学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题的关联研究  

Effects of parental rearing patterns and their consistency on the emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children

作　　者：邹长姗 丁鹏 耿梦龙 伍晓艳 李十月 陶舒曼 王磊[4] 陈佳 彭磊 汪素美 殷刚柱 张安慧 邓虹 汤银霞 马玉巧 黄惠萍 向敏[14] 陶芳标 Zou Changshan;Ding Peng;Geng Menglong;Wu Xiaoyan;Li Shiyue;Tao Shuman;Wang Lei;Chen Jia;Peng Lei;Wang Sumei;Yin Gangzhu;Zhang Anhui;Deng Hong;Tang Yinxia;Ma Yuqiao;Huang Huiping;Xiang Min;Tao Fangbiao(Department of Maternal,Child&Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Eugenics,Hefei 230032,China;Department of Preventive Medicine,Wuhan University School of Health,Wuhan 430000,China;Department of Maternal,Child&Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200000,China;Child Healthcare Department,Yangzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Yangzhou 225000,Jiangsu Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Zhenjiang Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Zhenjiang 212000,Jiangsu Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Xuzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital,Xuzhou 221000,Jiangsu Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Maanshan Maternity and Child Care Hospital,Maanshan 243000,Anhui Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Hefei Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Hefei 230032,China;Child Healthcare Department,Wuhu Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Wuhu 241000,Anhui Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Anqing Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Anqing 246000,Anhui Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Tongling Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Tongling 244000,Anhui Province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Wuhan Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Wuhan 430000,China;Child Healthcare Department,Ezhou Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Ezhou 436000,Hubei province,China;Child Healthcare Department,Songzi Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Songzi 434200,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室,合肥230032 [2]武汉大学健康学院预防医学系,430000 [3]上海交通大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,200000 [4]江苏省扬州市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,225000 [5]江苏省镇江市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,212000 [6]江苏省徐州市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健科,221000 [7]安徽省马鞍山市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,243000 [8]合肥市妇幼保健所儿童保健科,230032 [9]安徽省芜湖市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,241000 [10]安徽省安庆市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健科,246000 [11]安徽省铜陵市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,244000 [12]湖北省武汉市汉阳区妇幼保健院儿童保健科,430000 [13]湖北省鄂州市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,436000 [14]湖北省松滋市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,434200

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2020年第3期283-288,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81573168)。

摘　　要：目的探讨父母教养方式及其一致性与学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题的关联。方法于2017年10-11月,采用整群抽样方法,以湖北、安徽、江苏11个城市的109所幼儿园为研究现场,将3~6岁的儿童纳入研究,共27987名,回收有效问卷(问卷均由家长或主要监护人填写完成)27200份。采用“长处和困难问卷”和“父母行为量表”收集学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题并对父母教养方式进行评定,并分析不同特征的学龄前儿童情绪和行为异常率的差异;以学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题为因变量,以父母支持/参与和强制/敌意为自变量,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题与父母教养方式及其一致性的关联。结果27200名研究对象的年龄为(4.35±0.96)岁,男性13975名(51.4%),城市儿童24634名(90.6%),独生子女17916名(65.9%)。父母双方支持/参与均高占14.9%,均低11.9%;父母双方强制/敌意均高占15.2%,均低11.3%。学龄前儿童情绪症状、品行行为、多动行为、同伴交往、困难总分、亲社会行为异常率分别为9.5%、9.5%、18.2%、24.5%、11.2%和10.2%。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示,调整性别、独生子女、居住地区、家庭经济状况、母亲年龄和文化程度、父亲文化程度等因素后,与父亲/母亲高支持/参与、低强制/敌意的学龄前儿童相比,父亲/母亲低支持/参与和高强制/敌意者情绪症状、品行行为、多动行为、同伴交往、困难总分和亲社会行为出现异常的风险较高(P值均<0.05);与父母双方均高支持/参与、均低强制/敌意的学龄前儿童相比,父母双方均低支持/参与和均高强制/敌意者情绪症状、品行行为、多动行为、同伴交往、困难总分和亲社会行为出现异常的风险较高(P值均<0.05)。结论父母教养方式及其一致性与学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题相关。Objective To explore the effect of parental rearing patterns and their consistency on the emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children.Methods From October to November 2017,27987 children aged 3 to 6 years old from 109 kindergartens in 11 cities of Hubei,Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces were selected by using the cluster sampling method.A total of 27200 valid questionnaires which were completed by subjects'parents were collected.The emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children were collected by"strengths and difficulties questionnaire"and the parental rearing patterns were evaluated by the"Parental Behavior Scale".The differences in emotional and behavioral abnormality rates of preschool children with different characteristics were analyzed;with emotional and behavioral problems as dependent variables and parental support/participation and compulsion/hostility as independent variables,the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of parental rearing patterns and their consistency on the emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children.Results The age of children was(4.35±0.96)years old,and 51.4%of children were 13975 males.There were 24634(90.6%)urban children and 17916(65.9%)only children.Both parents with strong support/participation accounted for 14.9%,and those with poor support/participation accounted for 11.9%;both parents with strong compulsion/hostility accounted for 15.2%,and those with low compulsion/hostility accounted for 11.3%.The rates of emotional symptoms,conduct behavior,hyperactive behavior,peer interaction,total difficulty score,and abnormal prosocial behavior of preschool children were 9.5%,9.5%,18.2%,24.5%,11.2%,and 10.2%,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that after adjusting for gender,only child,living area,family economic status,mother's age and education level,father's education level,and other factors,compared with fathers/mothers with strong support/participation and low compulsion/hostility and p

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 情绪 行为 横断面研究 教养方式 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学] G78[文化科学—教育学]