滇南中蜂的周年变化与气候的相关性分析  

Correlations analysis of annual changes of Diannan Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana, with climate in southern Yunnan

作　　者：杨娟[1] 胡宗文[1] 周春涛[1] 苗春辉[1] 张学文[1] YANG Juan;HU Zongwen;ZHOU Chuntao;MIAO Chunhui;ZHANG Xuewen(Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Caoba 661101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所,云南草坝661101

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2020年第4期601-609,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系(CARS-44-SYZ 16)。

摘　　要：为研究滇南中蜂的周年状况及气候的相关性,探明各压力因素间与蜜蜂群势的联系,为滇南中蜂保种提供依据,于2018年1-12月每隔15 d用测子框测定90群蜜蜂群势,并以气候仪观察气象变化,分析蜜蜂的幼虫数、蛹数、工蜂量与蜜粉存储量的相关性,并探讨危及蜜蜂健康的各类潜在因素。结果表明:蜂群在冬、春季增殖激烈,全年中群势呈波澜起伏状;全年气候表现为冬春季降雨量少,温度波动较大,夏秋季节炎热湿润;主成分分析表明,温度是构成蜂群变化的最主要的成分(a=0.977);蜂群内部蜜粉存储量与工蜂量(r=0.580)及卵/幼虫量(r=0.386)呈显著的正相关性,与温度(r=-0.248)呈显著的负相关。在周年变化中,滇南中蜂群势受蜂群外部因素和蜂群内部因素影响,外部因素具有季节性,内部因素由蜂群管理方式决定。In order to analyze the annual population and potential impact factors of honeybee, Apis cerana cerana, in southern Yunnan, and to reveal the evolutionary relations between the press factor and colony that provide technological reference for conservation of bees, the number of larvae, pupae, adult and stores of honey and pollen by standard frame were measured every 15 days in Jan. to Dec. 2018 from 90 colonies, and then the correlation analysis was made. The results showed that the population of A. cerana cerana colony appeared intensely at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, annual populations was up and down. For the climate, rainfall was less in winter and spring in which the temperature fluctuated strongly, but summer and autumn was moist and hot. The temperature(a=0.977) was the major component for bee colony changes. The honey & pollen storage for colony had significant correlations with adults(r=0.580) and eggs/larvae(r=0.386), but had dramatically negative correlations with temperature(r=-0.248). The impact factors of A. cerana cerana populations involve the internal and external factors, in which the internal factors showed the season dynamics and external factors depended on colony management mode.

关 键 词：滇南中蜂 气候 群势 季节性 蜂群管理 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]