交叉型乘用车方向盘摆振分析  

Analysis of Steering Wheel Shimmy of Van Cars

作　　者：田绍军 李世珍 张涵 杨蔚 黄元毅 韦建平 TIAN Shaojun;LI Shizhen;ZHANG Han;YANG Wei;HUANG Yuanyi;WEI Jianpin(Saic-Gm-Wuling Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,Guangxi,China;LiuzhouWuling Automobile Industry Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司,广西柳州545007 [2]柳州五菱汽车工业有限公司,广西柳州545007

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2020年第2期180-187,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：某配置麦弗逊前独立悬架和齿轮齿条转向器的交叉型乘用车在试制阶段出现方向盘摆振现象,且每台车出现问题时的车速和摆振程度不一。分析轮胎残余动不平衡量、转向悬架系统传递路径结构和特性、麦弗逊前悬架后摆臂后衬套动态性能、转向器安装衬套结构形式和刚度、齿侧间隙大小等因素对方向盘摆振的影响。结果表明,轮胎残余动不平衡量引起的周期变化的激振力和力偶矩是方向盘摆振源头,悬架转向系统的几何参数是影响摆振的重要因素,车辆摆振传递路径的振动传函在摆振频率范围内均出现峰值,方向盘旋转模态频率在摆振频率范围内,摆臂后衬套刚度阻尼不足及转向器安装刚度过大加剧方向盘的摆振,齿侧间隙影响齿条振动的阻尼,适当减小齿侧间隙、增大阻尼有利于降低摆振。Some of van cars with front independent Macpherson suspension and steering of gear and rack has a steering wheel shimmy during the development stage,and the shimmy happens under different vehicle speeds and in varying degrees.In this paper,different influence factors,such as the residual dynamic unbalance of the tires,the vibration transfer function from the tires to the steering wheel,the dynamic performance of the bushing behind the Macpherson suspension,the structure and stiffness of the bushing of the steering wheel,the gap between the gears,the vibration model of the steering wheel etc.,on the steering wheel shimmy were analyzed.The analysis results show that the periodically varying excitation force and moment induced by the residual dynamic unbalance of the tires are the causes of the steering wheel shimmy,the geometric parameters of the suspension and steering system are the important influencing factors of the shimmy,the vibration transfer function in the transfer path of vehicle’s shimmy has a peak value in the shimmy frequency range,and the steering wheel rotation modal frequency is in the shimmy frequency range.The insufficient dynamic stiffness and damping of the bushing of the rear swing arm and the overlarge steering bushing stiffness can intensify the steering wheel shimmy.The gap between the rack and the gear can influence the rack vibration.So,reducing the gear gap and increasing the damping are helpful for the shimmy reduction.

关 键 词：振动与波 传递路径 转向系统 悬架衬套 方向盘模态 方向盘摆振 

分 类 号：TB53[理学—物理] O421.5[理学—声学]