乡村景观格局特征及演变中的多尺度空间过程探索——以乌镇为例  

Exploration of Multi-scale Spatial Process in the Characteristics and Evolution of Rural Landscape Pattern:A Case Study of Wuzhen

作　　者：王云才[1,2,3] 申佳可[4] WANG Yuncai;SHEN Jiake(the Department of Landscape Architecture,College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;the College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;the Center for Ecological Wisdom and Ecological Practice;Land Planning,Design and Environmental Effect Research Center,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat(Tongji University))

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院生态智慧与生态实践研究中心 [3]同济大学高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室、国土生态规划设计与环境效应研究中心 [4]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2020年第4期62-68,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(编号2019YFD11004054);国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号51978479)。

摘　　要：城镇建设冲击并蚕食着乡村景观,使其风貌特征和地域美学逐渐丧失。从空间过程的角度研究乡村景观格局的特性与演变规律是对其进行保护与调控的基础。首先提出乡村景观格局演变的多尺度分析框架;其次以图式语言呈现了乡村古镇乌镇各尺度空间格局特征;最后分析了影响格局演变的多尺度空间过程。研究发现:自然生态过程是整体尺度上反映人们对人居安全和水患防范基本需求的主导过程;经济生产过程是复合尺度上促使乌镇交通与产业彼此适应与景观格局发展的主要动因;人文文化过程是单一尺度上使景观格局向着人的意愿与需求呈现地方特征的主要驱动。研究结论对制定乡村景观多尺度保护、恢复、维护和提升策略具有启发作用。The urban construction impacts and erodes the rural landscape,making it lose its features and regional aesthetics gradually.The research on the characteristics and evolution of rural landscape patterns from the perspective of spatial process is the basis of its protection and regulation.This paper firstly proposes a multiscale analysis framework of the evolution of rural landscape patterns.Secondly,it presents the characteristics of spatial patterns of different scales of rural town Wuzhen in the pattern language.Finally,it analyzes the multiscale spatial process as reasons for the formation and changes of spatial patterns.The research has found that the natural ecological process is the dominant process on the whole scale reflecting the demand for human settlement security and flood prevention.The economic production process is the major impetus on the complex scale reflecting the mutual adaptation of traffic and industry.The cultural process is the main driving force on the single scale making the spatial pattern of rural landscape present local characteristics towards people’s intentions and needs.The conclusion is instructive to the development of multi-scale protection,restoration,maintenance and promotion strategies of rural landscape.

关 键 词：风景园林 乡村景观 空间过程 多尺度 景观演变 图式语言 乌镇 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]