浮游动物物种构成对于淡水测试系统抗农药胁迫能力的影响  

Relevance of Species Composition of Freshwater Zooplankton to Resistance of the Systems towards Pesticide Stresses

作　　者：徐吉洋 张文萍[1] 李少南[1] Xu Jiyang;Zhang Wenping;Li Shaonan(Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农药与环境毒理研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2020年第1期155-173,共19页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY17B070002)。

摘　　要：多物种系统在农药生态效应的评估中不可或缺,有必要探索系统的建立和应用,为此笔者构建了包含隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)、中华薄壳介(Dolerocypris sinensis)和锯缘真剑水蚤(Eucyclops serrulatus)3种节肢动物当中的1种或全部,以及包含萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的4组多物种系统。它们被用来测量杀虫剂毒死蜱的群落效应。研究结果显示,包含3种节肢动物的测试系统比只包含1种的系统中群落结构更稳定,更能够揭示杀虫剂对轮虫的诱导效应,其对杀虫剂也更敏感。毒死蜱在该系统内的最高无作用浓度(NOEC)和最低有效浓度(LOEC)分别为0.25和1.25μg·L^-1。本研究所构建的是一类总氮、总磷和浊度水平趋于下降的测试系统。杀虫剂的引入促进了系统内p H、铵态氮和电导率水平的上升以及总氮、总磷和浊度水平的下降。从LOEC的数值及持续时间上看,游离态壳二糖酶可以被用来指示农药对浮游动物的胁迫。本研究的结果显示,包含3种节肢动物的测试系统能够更准确地衡量农药对浮游动物的生态胁迫。Multi-species systems are essential for measuring ecological hazards of pesticides,and it is necessary to explore ways for their establishment and utilization efficiency.Four types of multi-species systems,consisting of either Daphnia carinata,or Dolerocypris sinensis,or Eucyclops serrulatus,or all of them and Brachionus calyciflorus,Chlorella vulgaris,and Hydrilla verticillata,were therefore established in this study.The systems were employed for measuring impacts of chlorpyrifos on the multi-species systems at the level of community.Results of the study indicated that the systems that consist of all of the three species of arthropods were more stable in structure,more effective in revealing induction of the insecticide towards the rotifer,and more sensitive to the suppression of insecticide.Maximal no observed effect concentration(NOEC)and lowest observed effect concentration(LOEC)of the chlorpyrifos was found to be 0.25 and 1.25μg·L^-1,respectively,in this system.All of the systems established were a sort of system in which total nitrogen,total phosphorous,and turbidity tended to decline.The insecticide was observed to promote the level of pH,ammonium nitrogen,and conductivity,and decline the level of total nitrogen,total phosphorous,and turbidity.Considering the value of LOEC and the time lasting for the effect,free-living chitobiase was able to indicate the suppression effect of the insecticide on zooplanktons.It is suggested that the system including all of the three species of arthropods was more effective in measuring the ecological stress of pesticide towards zooplanktons.

关 键 词：毒死蜱 浮游动物 节肢动物 水草 淡水测试系统 水质 壳二糖酶 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]