光遗传技术中的两种主要光敏蛋白及其在阿尔茨海默病研究中的应用  

Two main photosensitive proteins in optogenetic technology and their applications in the study of Alzheimer’s disease

作　　者：宋喜君 劳凤学 孙雅煊[1] 黄汉昌[1] SONG Xi-Jun;LAO Feng-Xue;SUN Ya-Xuan;HUANG Han-Chang(Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学生物活性物质与功能食品北京市重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《生命科学》2020年第1期92-97,共6页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31471587);北京联合大学人才强校优选计划(BPHR2018CZ02);北京联合大学校级课题(ZK40201902)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是一种常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,但是,AD的发病机制还有待进一步的阐明。近年来,光遗传技术因其在时间和空间上的高精确性而逐渐被应用于AD的研究中。Ⅰ型光敏蛋白中的视紫红质通道蛋白-2 (channelrhodopsin-2, ChR2)和盐碱古菌嗜盐细菌视紫红质蛋白(Natronomonas halorhodopsin, NpHR)可以通过将光信号快速转换成跨膜离子电流来调节神经元的活动,因此,已经被应用于光遗传技术中。现对ChR2和NpHR在光遗传技术中的应用进行介绍,并总结其在AD研究中的应用进展。Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and the pathogenetic mechanism needs to be further elucidated. In recent years, the optogenetic technology has been gradually applied to the research of AD due to high accuracy in time and in space. Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2) and Natronomonas halorhodopsin(NpHR) are belong to type Ⅰ photosensitive protein. They can regulate the activity of neurons through converting the light signal into transmembrane ion current rapidly. Therefore, ChR2 and NpHR have been applied to the optogenetic technology. In this review, we introduced these two photosensitive proteins on the application of optogenetic technology and further summarized the research progress on their applications in AD research.

关 键 词：光遗传技术 光敏蛋白 阿尔茨海默病 

分 类 号：Q784[生物学—分子生物学] R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]