红珊瑚颜色成因的研究现状  

The Research Status of the Causes of Red Coral Color Formation

作　　者：杨雨澍 YANG Yushu(School of Gemmology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)珠宝学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国宝玉石》2020年第1期52-59,共8页China Gems & Jades

摘　　要：红珊瑚是一种名贵的有机宝石,是红珊瑚科下属珊瑚虫群落的骨骼,颜色有白色、黄色、粉色、橘色、橘红色、红色、深红色等.红珊瑚的主要成分是无机方解石,方解石为无色,故红珊瑚的颜色应来源于内部的某种有机成分.红珊瑚颜色成因的探究已有八十多年的历史,学者主要应用拉曼光谱进行研究,确认致色色素是多烯类色素,并获得了一些色素结构信息;前人进行过多次色素提取,用色谱法进行分离,并利用紫外荧光光谱、质谱法和核磁共振法检测,试图确认色素成分和结构,但未能成功;后期部分学者将色度学应用到研究中来,虽未能确认色素种类和结构,但确认了色素的颜色构成.至今,可以确定红珊瑚由拥有11~12个-C=C-键的多种多烯色素致色,不同种类色素的结构相似,颜色至少有红色和橘黄色两种,但有机色素分子的具体成分和结构仍未得知,有待后续研究.Red coral is a precious organic gem and it is the skeleton of red coral community, whose common colors are: white, yellow, pink, orange, orange-red, red and crimson. The main component of red coral is inorganic calcite which is colorless, so the color of red coral is supposed to be derived from some organic component inside. The causes of red coral color formation have been explored for more than 80 years. The researchers have mainly used Raman spectroscopy to study it, confirmed that chromogenic pigments were polyene pigments, and obtained some information of pigment structure. The pigment has been extracted several times before, separated by chromatography, and detected by ultraviolet fluorescence, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), but the composition and structure of the pigment have not been accurately confirmed. In the later period, some scholars applied chromaticity to the research. Although they failed to confirm the type and structure of pigment, they confirmed the color composition of pigment. Up to now, it can be determined that red coral is colored by a variety of polyene pigments with 11~12-C=C-bonds. The structures of different species are similar, with at least two colors of red and orange. However, the specific components and structures of organic pigment molecules are still unknown and need to be further studied.

关 键 词：红珊瑚 颜色成因 多烯色素 拉曼光谱 色素提取 色度学 

分 类 号：Q501[生物学—生物化学]