刑事法官视角下测谎证据的审查与采信--以2010~2018年刑事裁判文书为研究样本  

Examination and Adoption of Polygraph Evidence in Penal Judges’Opinions--Taking the 2010~2018 Penal Judgment Documents as the Research Samples

作　　者：付凤[1] 杨天琪 FU Feng;YANG Tianqi(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国人民公安大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期36-46,共11页Journal of People’s Public Security University of China:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2019年教育部人文社科青年基金课题“涉罪未成年人人身危险性评估体系实证研究”(19YJC820013);2018年中南财经政法大学研究生创新教育计划资助项目“人工智能在涉罪未成年人心理辅导领域的应用研究”(201810702)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：测谎意见作为证据在民事诉讼中广泛适用,但在刑事诉讼中长期处于有效但无证据资格的尴尬地位。对2010~2018年刑事裁判文书进行实证分析,表明诉讼双方特别是辩护方对测谎的认可程度和申请数量正迅速提升。少数法官采信测谎证据并在文书中说明理由;多数法官认定或排除测谎证据时态度模糊。近半数测谎由侦查机关依职权实施,且未向法庭提交书面报告或意见。未经法庭质证的测谎证据,在刑事司法中处于隐性适用状态,不利于测谎技术的发展和当事人权利的保护。测谎的证明对象是犯罪事实,而非证据事实。测谎意见作为鉴定意见具有科学性,但亟需规范适用条件和程序,并接受法庭质证。Polygraph’s inspection conclusion is widely applied as evidence in civil procedure,but it has been in an awkward position of being effective but unqualified in criminal procedure.The empirical analysis of the penal judgment documents in 2010~2018 shows that the recognition and application quantity of the litigants,especially the defenses,is increasing rapidly.The minority of penal judges take the polygraph’s inspection conclusion as criminal evidence and give reasons in the penal judgment documents;the majority of penal judges have a vague attitude toward examining the polygraph’s inspection conclusion.Nearly half of the polygraph tests are conducted by the investigative organization directly,so few written report or opinion of polygraph’s inspection conclusion are submitted to the court.Without examination in a trial,polygraph’s inspection conclusion is in the recessive state of application in criminal procedure,which is not conducive to the development of polygraph test and the protection of the rights of the litigants.The object of polygraph test is criminal facts,not evidence facts.Polygraph’s inspection conclusion is scientific as an expert opinion,but there is an urgent need to regulate the application conditions and working procedure of polygraph test by law and to be cross examined by the court.

关 键 词：测谎 刑事裁判 证据审查 鉴定意见 

分 类 号：D925.213[政治法律—诉讼法学]