共同犯罪违法所得处理研究--以共同犯罪人之间是否负连带责任为焦点  

Study on the disposal of illegal gains in Joint Crime--focusing on whether joint criminals are jointly and severally liable

作　　者：梅传强[1] 欧明艳 MEI Chuanqiang;OU Mingyan(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 400031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆400031

出　　处：《中国人民公安大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期67-79,共13页Journal of People’s Public Security University of China:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家毒品问题治理研究中心2019年度研究项目“毒品共同犯罪中涉案财物处置研究”(DR(2019)J06)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：共同犯罪中违法所得的处理除具有单个行为人犯罪中违法所得处理的共性外,还涉及共犯之间的责任这一特殊性。刑法第64条及关于违法所得处理的相关司法解释均未明确共同犯罪中各被告人之间是否对违法所得没收(追缴或退赔)承担连带责任,但连带没收却广泛地存在于我国司法实践中。从违法所得没收的本质及制度目的来看,理想化的独立责任最契合不法获利的精准剥夺,但由于事实查明方面的难题,连带责任在违法所得没收中又必不可少。独立还是连带没收是当前共同犯罪违法所得处理中最为核心的分歧,共同犯罪违法所得的处理需要以剥夺犯罪获利为出发点,兼顾被害人财产救济;以独立没收为原则、连带没收为补充,缓解独立没收的僵化和不足,同时需明确连带责任的具体适用条件,确保违法所得没收(追缴、责令退赔)这一刑事实体处分的正当性和合理性,减少被告人之间的不公。The disposal of illegal gains in Joint Crime not only has the common character of dealing with illegal gains in individual crime,but also involves the particularity of responsibility among accomplices.Article 64 of the criminal law and the relevant judicial interpretation of the treatment of illegal gains are not clear whether the defendants in the joint crime are jointly and severally liable for the confiscation(recovery or restitution)of illegal gains,but the joint and several confiscation is widely existed in the judicial practice of our country.In terms of the nature and institutional purpose of the confiscation of illegal gains,the idealized independent liability is best suited to the precise deprivation of illegal gains,but joint and several liability is in the confiscation of illegal gains due to the difficulty of ascertaining the facts and necessary.Independent or joint confiscation is the most central disagreement in the current treatment of joint criminal illegal gains.The treatment of joint criminal gains needs to take the deprivation of the proceeds of crime as the starting point and take into account the victim’s property relief.The principle of independent confiscation and joint and several confiscation as a supplement should alleviate the rigidity and deficiency of independent confiscation,at the same time,it is necessary to clarify the specific applicable conditions of joint and several liability,ensure the legitimacy and rationality of the punishment of the criminal entity of confiscation of illegal gains(recovery,order of restitution and compensation),and reduce the unfairness among defendants.

关 键 词：共同犯罪 违法所得 追缴 退赔 没收 连带 

分 类 号：D914.04[政治法律—刑法学]