论维护环境利益的法律机制  

On the Legal Mechanism of Protecting Environmental Interests

作　　者：徐祥民[1] Xu Xiangmin

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学蓝色文明与绿色法制研究中心

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2020年第2期72-85,共14页Law and Social Development

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划重大委托研究项目“绿色法律研究”(16AWTJ10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：环境通常是需要用广大来形容的作为整体的自然对象,而非构成整体的自然对象之中的个体或从自然对象中提取出来的具体的物。环境利益是整体的环境所具有的,或具有整体性的环境对象所具有的,有利于人类生存繁衍的那些状态和品质。环境利益是天然之利,是整体利益,是环境对人的有用性。而环境消费利益是"消费-生产"之利,是分散利益,是通过对环境的消费得到的利益。为造成环境利益损害的环境消费行为提供支持的"以往法律",不能有效地阻止造成环境利益损害的环境消费行为。为造成环境利益损害的环境消费行为提供支持的法律手段--权利,亦不能有效地阻止造成环境利益损害的环境消费行为。维护环境利益的法律手段只能是义务。设定环境义务可以有效维护环境利益。在我国实施的环境保护工程中,在国际社会为应对气候变化签订的公约中,在我国制定的环境保护法中,人们都运用了环境义务这一法律手段。Environment is the natural object as a whole which usually needs to be described by the word"vast", not the individual of the natural object or the specific thing extracted from the natural object. Environmental interests are those conditions or qualities that the whole environment has, or environmental unit with integral attribute has, which are conducive to human survival and reproduction. Environmental interests are the natural interests, the overall interests, and the usefulness of the environment to human beings, while environmental consumption interests are the interests of"consumption-production"and decentralized interests, which are obtained through the consumption of the environment. The former laws supporting the environmental consumption behaviors that caused the damages of environmental interests cannot prevent the environmental consumption behaviors that caused the damages of environmental interests equally effectively. The right, a legal means to support the environmental consumption behavior causing damage to environmental interests, cannot prevent the environmental consumption which causes damages to environmental interests equally effectively. The basic legal means to safeguard environmental interests can only be the obligation. Setting environmental obligation can effectively protect environmental interests. Environmental protection projects implemented in China, conventions signed by the international community to deal with climate change, and environmental protection laws enacted in China also use the legal means of environmental obligation.

关 键 词：环境利益 环境损害 义务 环境义务 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]