建议类虚词“要不”和“不如”  

A Comparative Study on the Usages of the Suggested Function Words of “yaobu” and “buru”

作　　者：周莉[1] 王静 ZHOU Li;WANG Jing(College of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《汉语学习》2020年第2期40-52,共13页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：吉林省教育厅“十三五”社会科学研究项目“面向对外汉语教学的评价性近义规约表达的用法比较研究”(项目编号:JJKH20201137SK)资助。

摘　　要：本文在互动语言学背景下,对建议类虚词"要不"和"不如"的用法进行比较研究。首先,通过二者在话语结构层面和语句内部形式层面揭示了其在使用上的深层差异--言者主观性差异:"不如"的主观性强于"要不"。其次,对二者的不同用法进行动因分析。从语言内部的历时语法化和共时语义进行分析:"要不"表达了推理中的"否定前提";"不如"蕴含"比较否定义"并以此总结出二者分别代表委婉性和直接性的不同建议方式。从语用角度总结影响二者使用的语用因素:认识状态、受话人设计、权势性。最后,总结出言者表达建议时使用虚词"要不"和"不如"的条件。In the context of Interactional Linguistics, this paper makes a comparative study of the usages of the suggested function words of "yaobu" and "buru". Firstly, by analyzing their differences at different language levels, including discourse structure and sentences forms, we revealed their difference in speaker’s subjectivity: the subjectivity of "buru" is more obvious than "yaobu". On this basis, we analyzed the reasons of their different usages. From the perspectives of diachronic grammaticalization and synchronic semantics, we analyzed that "yaobu" expresses "negative premise" in reasoning and "buru" implies "negative comparison". And they represent different suggested ways respectively: indirect way and direct way. From the perspective of pragmatics, we summarized the pragmatic factors that affect their usages, including "epistemic status", "recipient design" and "entitlement". Finally, we summarized the usage conditions of the function words "yaobu" and "buru" when the speaker implements the speech act of suggestion.

关 键 词：“要不” “不如” 主观性差异 建议方式 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]