辽东湾多锚单片张网网目尺寸选择性研究  

Mesh size selectivity of a multi-anchored monolithic trap in Liaodong Bay

作　　者：刘宏超 张国胜[1] 李显森[2] 庄鑫[1] 殷雷明[1] 李泓泉 滕文良 邢彬彬[1] LIU Hongchao;ZHANG Guosheng;LI Xiansen;ZHUANG Xin;YIN Leiming;LI Hongquan;TENG Wenliang;XING Binbin(Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning Province,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国水产科学院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2020年第2期317-322,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：农业部专项业务费项目渔政管理课题。

摘　　要：为掌握网目尺寸对多锚单片张网捕捞生产量、渔获种类及渔获物规格等指标的影响,采用主网衣网目尺寸为18 mm的生产网,及主网衣网目尺寸分别为25、35、45 mm的试验网各5片,将其连接成“一”字形,在辽东湾海域进行了10网次的生产对比试验研究。结果表明:各种规格试验网的总渔获量比生产网分别减少12.81%、51.50%、60.81%,其中35、45 mm试验网的渔获量减少更为明显,但主要经济种类的渔获量并未明显减少(除虾类外);生产网(18 mm)渔获物29种,25、35、45 mm网目的试验网渔获物分别为24、17、14种,随着网目尺寸的增大,捕获种类明显减少;生产网中以中华安乐虾Eualus sinensis、葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri居多,棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus、斑尾刺虾虎鱼Acanthogobius ommaturus、日本蟳Charybdis japonica、口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria为4种网具共有的优势渔获种类,而试验网随着网目尺寸的增大,虾类被释放,且各类优势种最小体长组释放比例明显增大,幼鱼捕获量明显减少,兼捕现象得到缓解。研究表明,主网衣网目尺寸为35 mm的试验网对优势种的选择性较高,且能够为渔民获得较好的经济效益,本研究成果可为中国多锚单片张网的结构优化提供数据参考。Twenty 5 m×3.8 m multi-anchored monolithic traps with mesh size of 18 mm(control group),25 mm,35 mm and 45 mm were connected into a line shape,and operated in 30 miles(40°42′-40°56 N′,121°20′-121°39′E)from the entrance of Shuangtaizi in Liaodong Bay,China,10 times in October 11-16,2018 to probe into influence of mesh size on production capacity of net gear,and size and type of catch.The results showed that the total catch was reduced by 12.81%in the 25 mm trap,51.50%in the 35 mm trap and 60.81%in the 45 mm trap compared with that in the control group,especially for the 35 mm and 45 mm test nets,without decline in the total catch of main economically important types(except shrimp).The species number of the catch was shown to be significantly reduced as the mesh size was increased,29 species in the control trap,24 species in the 25 mm trap,17 in the 35 mm trap,and 14 in the 45 mm trap.Prawns Eualus sinensis and Palaemon gravieri,spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus,spottedtail goby Acanthogobius ommaturus,stone crab Charybdis japonica,and mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were the dominant species and shrimps were released with increase in the mesh size in the four nets,with the maximal release ratio in the smallest body length group,and significantly reduction of juvenile fish in the catch,indicating that the phenomenon of bycatch was alleviated.The findings provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization of multi-anchored monolithic nets in China.

关 键 词：多锚单片张网 网目尺寸 选择性 辽东湾 

分 类 号：S972.29[农业科学—捕捞与储运]