食品废弃物制取生物燃料技术进展  

Progress in Technology for Producing Biofuels from Food Waste

作　　者：刘登 Liu Deng(College of Chemical Engineering,Shandong Polytechnic College,Jining Shandong 272067)

机构地区：[1]山东理工职业学院化工学院,山东济宁272067

出　　处：《中外能源》2020年第3期13-20,共8页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：食品废弃物向生物燃料的能源转化是减少全球废物和生物精炼的一个重要研究方向,食品废弃物可通过厌氧消化、好氧消化和微生物发酵等过程转变成生物甲烷、生物氢、生物乙醇或生物柴油等燃料。生物甲烷生产涉及的能量转化技术主要是厌氧消化,底物组合、反应器配置都是影响消化效率的重要参数。厌氧消化的缺点是处理周期较长,参与分解的微生物对工艺条件变化较为敏感,需要进行严格的过程控制和过程优化。将食品废弃物转化为生物乙醇是非常有吸引力的选择,但由于相关研究的缺乏,对于规模化后的整体经济可行性尚需广泛和深入的评估。食品废弃物还是生产生物氢的理想底物来源,利用暗发酵-光发酵耦合技术从有机食品废弃物中制取生物氢是一种很有前景的方法,但经济上是否可行,以及暗发酵阶段的产氢效率、底物转化率和最终成本都值得怀疑。有研究人员开始研究联合使用暗发酵和厌氧消化两种技术来处理食品废弃物,以期增加氢气和甲烷的产率。焚烧也是一种废物处理和能量回收的科学方法,但可能会造成严重的环境威胁,而且干燥处理消耗能量过高,为此水热气化、水热液化和热液碳化等热处理技术被开发出来,但热处理技术更大规模的技术和经济可行性尚待进一步分析和评估。未来各项食品废弃物制取生物燃料技术需要在废物转化率、产品产率、处理周期以及成本效益等方面投入更多的研究。The energy conversion of food waste into biofuels is an important research direction of global waste reduction and bio-refining.Food waste can be converted into biofuels such as biomethane,biohydrogen,bioethanol or biodiesel through processes including anaerobic digestion,aerobic digestion and microbial fermentation.The main energy conversion technology involved in biomethane production isanaerobic digestion.Substrate combination and reactor configuration are the important parameters that affect the digestion efficiency.The dis-advantage of anaerobic digestion is the long treatment cycle,and the microorganisms involved in decomposition are more sensitive to the changes in process conditions,so strict process control and process optimization are required.Converting food waste into bioethanol is an attractive option,but extensive and in-depth assessment of the overall economic feasibility after the scaling up is needed due to the lack of relevant research.Food waste is also an ideal substrate for biohydrogen production.Using dark-and photo-fermentation coupling tech-nology to produce biohydrogen from organic food waste is a promising method,but its economic feasibility and the hydrogen production efficiency at dark fermentation stage,the substrate conversion rate and the final cost are all questionable.Some researchers have begun to study the combined use of dark fermentation and anaer-obic digestion to treat food waste,so as to increase the production of hydrogen and methane.Incineration is also a scientific waste treatment and energy recovery method,but it may pose serious environmental threats,and the drying process consumes too much energy.Therefore,some heat treatment technologies such as hydrothermal gasification,hydrothermal liquefaction and hydrothermal carbonization have been developed,but the technical and economic feasibility of heat treatment technology on a larger scale needs to be further analyzed and evaluated.In the future,more researches should be carried out on various technologies for producing b

关 键 词：食品废弃物 生物甲烷 生物乙醇 生物氢 转化率 反应器 

分 类 号：TQ517[化学工程] TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]