福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析  

Analysis on the community characteristics and potential ecological risk of jellyfish in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde, Fujian Province

作　　者：邓邦平[1,2] 刘衡 王洪波 秦玉涛 夏利花[1,2] 李阳 张昊飞 蒋晓山[1,2] 杨旖祎 王宇坛[1,2] 季晓 林熙戎[4] Deng Bangping;Liu Heng;Wang Hongbo;Qin Yutao;Xia Lihua;Li Yang;Zhang Haofei;Jiang Xiaoshan;Yang Yiyi;Wang Yutan;Ji Xiao;Lin Xirong(East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Shanghai 201206,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shanghai 201206,China;Fujian Ningde Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Ningde 355200,China;Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海201206 [2]自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海201206 [3]福建宁德核电有限公司,福建宁德355200 [4]上海市环境监测中心,上海200235

出　　处：《海洋学报》2020年第4期128-136,共9页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项“海洋微塑料的监测、分析关键技术研究”(2016YFC1402201)。

摘　　要：根据2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在宁德晴川湾海域浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了水母对宁德晴川湾核电站安全生产潜在的风险。结果表明:宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种演替均存在季节变化,春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为7种、16种、9种和3种,丰度均值分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m^3、(50.26±12.13)个/m^3、(3.68±1.91)个/m^3和(0.18±0.07)个/m^3,首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata),优势种类组成季节演替明显。春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05,R=0.363),秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响。秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低,水母的丰度也较低。根据宁德晴川湾核电站附近海域水母分布特征,以水母丰度50个/m^3为风险阈值考虑,夏季为潜在高风险季节,需重点关注距核电站冷源取水口5~20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5~5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电站冷源安全事故发生。Based on the data from the zooplankton survey in the waters around the Ningde nuclear power plant in January(winter), April(spring), July(summer) and November(autumn) 2018, the structure and seasonal changes of jellyfish communities in the area were analyzed. The potential risks of jellyfish to the safe production of nuclear power in Ningde were discussed. The results showed that there were seasonal changes in the species composition,abundance distribution and dominant species succession of jellyfish in the Ningde nuclear power plant area. The numbers of jellyfish species in the spring, summer, autumn and winter were 7, 16, 9 and 3, respectively. The mean abundances were(45.48±8.24) ind./m^3,(50.26±12.13) ind./m^3,(3.68±1.91) ind./m^3, and(0.18±0.07) ind./m^3, respectively. The main dominant species were Laodicea indica, Pleurobrachia globosa, Diphyes chamissonis and Euphysa aurata. The seasonal succession of dominant species was obvious. The correlation analysis between the change of jellyfish abundance and environmental factors showed that the abundance of jellyfish in spring and summer was significantly related to the total abundance of zooplankton, and its number was significantly related to the number of copepods in zooplankton in summer(p<0.05, R=0.363). The abundance of jellyfish communities in autumn and winter was mainly affected by salinity. The salinity of the sea area was relatively low in autumn and winter, and the temperature is also low, so the abundance of jellyfish was also low. According to the distribution characteristics of jellyfish in Ningde, the jellyfish abundance of 50 ind./m^3 was considered as the risk threshold value, and summer was the potentially high-risk season for ecological disasters. It was necessary to focus on the 5-20 km away from the intake area in summer;followed by the spring, the focus was on the 2.5-5 km away from the intake area;in autumn and winter, the safety of nuclear power sources was basically not caused by jellyfish.

关 键 词：水母 浮游动物 群落特征 生态风险 宁德晴川湾 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]