不同栽培模式对冬作马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性的影响  

Effect of Cultivation Practices on Fungal Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil at Winter Potato Fields as Determined by High-throughput Sequencing

作　　者：杨鑫 樊吴静 李丽淑 何虎翼 唐洲萍 YANG Xin;FAN Wu-jing;LI Li-shu;HE Hu-yi;TANG Zhou-ping(Commercial Crop Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第2期192-199,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系综合试验站项目(CARS-10-ES15);广西重点研发技术项目(桂科AB16380116)。

摘　　要：【目的】从土壤微生态角度研究不同覆盖栽培模式对冬作马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性的影响,旨在为广西冬作马铃薯生产探索最佳栽培模式。【方法】采用ⅠlluminaMiseq高通量测序技术对马铃薯在黑地膜覆盖栽培、稻草覆盖栽培和常规栽培(对照)3种处理条件下的马铃薯全生育期根际土壤真菌群落进行多样性分析。【结果】黑地膜覆盖栽培的根际土壤真菌多样性指数最高,其中黑地膜覆盖栽培Simpson指数与稻草覆盖栽培差异达显著水平(P<0.05);不同处理优势菌株种类和相对丰度随着马铃薯生育进程呈现不同变化规律,子囊菌门均为最优势真菌门,其中黑地膜覆盖栽培子囊菌门相对丰度最高,3种栽培模式的优势菌属分别为头束霉属、田头菇属、被孢霉属;在马铃薯生长后期,黑地膜覆盖栽培处理的根际土壤中被孢霉菌、头束霉属、粉红粘帚霉属、枝顶孢属的相对丰度比常规栽培处理的高,稻草覆盖栽培处理镰孢菌相对丰度较其他两个处理的更低。【结论】黑地膜覆盖栽培处理的根际土壤真菌群落结构和多样性比稻草覆盖栽培和常规栽培处理更加优化和丰富,有利于土壤中有机质的分解转化和有益微生物的生长繁殖,可为马铃薯生长发育提供充足的养分条件和稳定的根际微生态环境;稻草覆盖栽培可以缓解镰孢菌引起的马铃薯土传病害。【Objective】From the perspective of micro-ecology,effect of varied cultivation practices on fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of winder potato fields were studied to improve the cultivation in Guangxi.【Methods】The Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soils at fields under either black film mulching(BFM),rice straw mulching(RSM)or conventional practice(CK).【Results】The fungal diversity index in rhizosphere soil was higher under BFM than the other two.The difference on the Simpson indices of BFM and RSM was significant(P<0.05).The species and relative abundance of dominant strains in the soils differed among the treatments and potato growth period.Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum found in the soils under all 3 methods with its relative abundance being the greatest under BFM.The dominant fungi genus under BFM was Cephalotrichum,under RSM Agrocybe,and under CK Mortierella.In late stage of potato growth,BFM resulted in a higher relative abundance of Mortierella,Cephalotrichum,Clonostachys,and Acremonium than did CK,but the lowest in the relative abundance of Fusarium among all treatments.【Conclusion】The application of a black film for mulching on the ground(BFM)at potato growing fields significantly improved the species abundance,structure,and diversity of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil over the other practices.It facilitated the decomposition and transformation of organic matters in soil,the growth and proligeration of beneficial microorganisms,and the stability of the rhizosphere microbial environment for optimal growth and development of potatoes.On the other hand,the use of rice straws in RSM appeared to mitigate the soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium on the potato.

关 键 词：高通量测序 根际土壤 真菌多样性 黑地膜覆盖 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]