制胜法宝:《孙子兵法》的制敌方略与智慧  

On Strategy and Wisdom to Conquer the Enemy in the Art of War

作　　者：阎盛国 Yan Shengguo(Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期82-88,共7页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(19FSSB007);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2016BLS010);国家级项目培育基金(2017PW10)。

摘　　要：在世界兵学史上,《孙子兵法》呈现出独一无二的制敌方略与智慧。孙子兵书中“论敌”使用的高频词有“敌人”、“敌间”、“料敌”、“知敌”和“待敌”。孙子既重视敌人,也注重把握战机。《孙子兵法》制敌主要有九大方略:一是攻敌无备,二是因粮于敌,三是因敌制胜,四是料敌制胜,五是夺敌所爱,六是威加于敌,七是顺详敌意,八是并敌一向,九是践墨随敌。此外,孙子制敌的智慧主要体现在三种创新型思维:一是以迂为直,二是以患为利,三是同舟而济。总之,孙子灵活多样的制敌方略固然是制敌取胜不可或缺的手段,但其创新型思维却是从根本上扭转己方陷于危局、落入败局的关键。The Art of War presented an unique strategy and wisdom of conquering enemies in the history of world military theory.The more frequency words used by Sun Wu in discussing the enemies including enemy and spy,and to forecast enemy and to know enemy,and to treat enemy so on.We can know that Sun Wu attached importance to both the enemy and the right moment of fighting.There were nine main strategies for conquering enemies.The first was to attack the enemy unprepared.The second was to win food from enemy.The third was to win according to the enemy.The fourth was to win in forecasting enemy.The fifth was to strive for the enemy’s favorite.The sixth was to deter the enemy.The seventh was to submit to enemy’s idea.The eighth was to unite the enemy.The ninth was to change with the enemy.In addition,Sun Wu’s wisdom of conquering enemies was mainly reflected in three innovative thinking.The first was to in turning the devious into the direct.The second was to benefit from suffering.The three was to help with the same boat.In a word flexible and diverse strategies were an indispensable means to win the enemy’s victory,and but having innovative thinking was the key to reversing the danger and failure.

关 键 词：《孙子兵法》 制敌 孙武 方略 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学]