从天皇制法西斯论到总体战体制论——战后日本农村战争动员研究范式的变迁  

From the Theory of Empirical Fascism to the Theory of Total War System——The Change of the Research Paradigm for Japan's Rural War Mobilization after the War

作　　者：祁建民[1] Qi Jianmin

机构地区：[1]日本长崎县立大学国际社会学部

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2020年第1期121-140,M0004,共21页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：战后日本关于农村战争动员的研究从“天皇制法西斯论”出发,重视法西斯主义与传统村落社会秩序的内在关系,不但从农村运动和村落传统的角度分析法西斯主义产生的根源,也从村落共同体及其机能组织方面揭示农村战争动员的广度和深度。但是,经历了战后经济高速发展阶段,特别是在冷战结束之后,由于对战争批判的减少和战争责任意识的淡化,加上后现代主义的影响,出现了肯定战时动员政策的“总体战体制论”。虽然这种观点受到一些学者的严厉批评,但其影响不容忽视。从学术史角度讲,“总体战体制论”虽然在意识形态和价值观上与“战后历史学”存在着巨大隔阂,但是在方法论上,将“战前”特别是“战时”与“战后”联系起来考虑,重视战时动员体制及其所引起的社会深层变动与战后历史发展的关联,这给其后的农村战争动员研究带来广泛而深刻的影响。The studies on Japan's rural war mobilization start from the theory of Empirical Fascism,attaching importance to the relationship between Fascism and social order of traditional villages.They not only analyze the origin of Fascism from the perspective of rural movement and village traditions,but also reveal the breadth and depth of rural war mobilization from aspects of village communities and their functional organizations.However,after a period of rapid economic development after the War,especially after the end of the Cold War,due to the reduction of criticism to war and the weakening of the sense of war responsibilities,combined with the influence of postmodernism,there appeared a theory of“total war system”that affirms the wartime mobilization policy.Although this theory is severely criticized by some scholars,its influence cannot be ignored.From the point of view of academic history,although the theory of“total war system”has a great estrangement with“post-war historiography”in ideology and values,it,in methodology,makes considerations linking“pre-war,”especially“wartime”with“post-war,”paying attention to linkages between the wartime mobilization system and the deep social changes caused by it and the development of post-war history,which has brought extensive and profound influences to the later studies on rural war mobilization.

关 键 词：日本 农村 战争动员 天皇制法西斯论 总体战体制论 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]