汽车用先进高强钢的氢脆研究进展  

A Review of Research Status of Hydrogen Embrittlement for Automotive Advanced High-Strength Steels

作　　者：李金许[1] 王伟[1] 周耀 刘神光 付豪 王正 阚博 LI Jinxu;WANG Wei;ZHOU Yao;LIU Shenguang;FU Hao;WANG Zheng;KAN Bo(Corrosion and Protection Center,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学腐蚀与防护中心,北京100083

出　　处：《金属学报》2020年第4期444-458,共15页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.U1760203和51571029。

摘　　要：本文总结了第一代~第三代先进高强钢的各自典型代表钢种--相变诱发塑性钢(TRIP钢)、孪晶诱发塑性钢(TWIP钢)、淬火配分钢(QP钢)和中锰钢的氢脆研究现状和重要结果。主要结论为,TRIP钢的氢脆敏感性主要体现在塑性降低,而强度损失不大。TWIP钢的氢脆敏感性严重依赖于应变速率,即随应变速率降低而显著增加;形变孪晶界和ε/γ相界面易发生氢致开裂,而Σ3退火孪晶界不易开裂;深入研究表明,当ε/γ相界面满足西山取向关系时,则与Σ3孪晶界类似,能够阻碍氢致裂纹扩展,这一结论将不同学者的结果统一起来。QP钢的氢脆敏感性与TRIP钢相似。中锰钢因含有较多的奥氏体相,变形时伴随着强烈的TRIP效应,氢脆敏感性较大,既有明显的塑性损失也有较大的强度损失。对含有奥氏体组织的TRIP钢、QP钢和中锰钢等,调控奥氏体组织的形态和分布是改善其氢脆的主要对策;而对TWIP钢则可通过控制预应变速率和Al合金化等措施来改善氢脆。This paper overviewed the current research status and important results of the hydrogen embrittlement(HE) of the representative steel types from 1 st to 3 rd generation advanced high-strength steel(AHSS): transformation induced plasticity(TRIP) steel, twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP) steel,quenching & partitioning(QP) steel and medium manganese steel. The main conclusions are as follows:the HE sensitivity of TRIP steel is mainly reflected in the reduction of plasticity and the small loss of strength. The HE sensitivity of TWIP steel depends heavily on the strain rate, i.e., the HE susceptibility is significantly increased as the strain rate decreases. Deformation twin boundaries and ε/γ phase interfaces are generally prone to hydrogen-induced cracking, while Σ3 annealing twin boundaries are not. However,the ε/γ phase interfaces with Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship, which is similar to the Σ3 twin boundaries, could hinder the propagation of hydrogen-induced cracks. HE sensitivity of QP steel is similar to that of TRIP steel. For medium manganese steel containing a large volume fraction of austenite phase, which result in a strong TRIP effect during deformation, the HE susceptibility represented by plasticity loss and strength loss is very high. For TRIP steel, QP steel and medium manganese steel with austenite structure, the main strategy to improve their hydrogen embrittlement is to control the morphology and distribution of austenite structure;for TWIP Steel, the measures to improve hydrogen embrittlement can be taken by controlling the prestrain rate and Al Alloying.

关 键 词：先进高强钢 TRIP钢 TWIP钢 氢脆 

分 类 号：TG14[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG17[金属学及工艺—金属材料]