新时期中美职业教育改革政策的共性分析及差异比较——基于政策工具的分析视角  

Analysis of Similarities and Differences of Vocational Education Reform Policies between China and United States in the New Era--Based on Perspective of Policy Tools

作　　者：李人杰 王燕[1] Li Renjie;Wang Yan(Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,昆明650500

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2020年第7期73-79,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：2017年度吉林省教育厅“十三五”社会科学研究规划项目“以质量为导向:高校学术评价制度优化研究”(JJKH20170888SK)主持人:任增元。

摘　　要：作为职业教育现代化的基本手段,职业教育改革在优化人才资源支撑、服务经济社会发展方面发挥着重要作用。基于政策工具的视角,分别对新时期中美职业教育改革的顶层设计《国家职业教育改革实施方案》和《加强21世纪生涯与技术教育法案》进行文本量化统计,针对统计结果进行共性分析和差异比较,研究发现,在三重政策工具维度下中美职业教育改革政策运用存在诸多异同,即中美同时存在政策工具内部结构失调的共性问题,中国存在政策工具外部结构失衡的个性问题。具体建议是:调整创新政策工具总体布局、均衡配置环境型政策工具、优化调试供给型政策工具、着力增补需求型政策工具等。Vocational education reform,as the basic means of vocational education modernization,plays an important role in optimizing the support of human resources and serving the economic and social development.Based on the perspective of policy tools,this paper makes a quantitative analysis of The National Plan for Implementation of Vocational Education Reform and The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act,which are the policy documents of vocational education reform in China and the United States in the new era,and compares the similarities and differences.It is found that under the three policy dimensions,there are many similarities and differences between China and the United States in vocational education reform.In a word,both China and the United States have the common problem of internal structural imbalance of vocational education reform policy tools,while China has the individual problem of external structural imbalance of vocational education reform policy tools.And further identify China's vocational education reform policy tools on the use of four types of issues.Drawing on the relevant experience of the use of policy tools in the United States,this paper puts forward some policy recommendations,such as adjusting and optimizing the overall layout of policy instruments,balancing the allocation of environmental policy tools,optimizing and debugging supply policy tools,and focusing on adding demand policy tools.

关 键 词：职业教育改革 政策文本 政策工具 优化创新 

分 类 号：G719.1[文化科学—职业技术教育学]