2018年夏秋季南设得兰群岛周边水域南极磷虾集群类型及其影响因素  

Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)aggregation types and affecting factors around the South Shetland Islands,Antarctic during austral summer-autumn 2018

作　　者：朱国平[1,2,3,4] 李慧婷 李烨 杨洋 ZHU Guo-ping;LI Hui-ting;LI Ye;YANG Yang(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Polar Research,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Polar Marine Ecosystem Group,The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学极地研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室极地海洋生态系统研究室,上海201306 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海210306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第4期1265-1272,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(41776185);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1406801)资助。

摘　　要：南极磷虾是一种典型的集群性海洋生物,其集群特征为行为生态学研究领域的重要内容之一。南极磷虾在南设得兰群岛周围高度密集分布,然而磷虾集群形状和大小的机制解释仍存在较大的争议。基于南设得兰群岛周边水域收集的Simrad EK80声学数据,本研究利用Echoview V6.16软件,对声学数据进行了分析,并对磷虾集群特征进行了划分。通过主坐标分析(PCoA)检验了环境因素(表温和海况)以及时空因素对各类型磷虾集群产生的影响。结果表明:海况对磷虾集群影响较大,光照强度次之;块状小型集群的时空分布较广,夜间与白天均占有较高比例(>30%);小型集群更易出现在白天,而大型集群则更多出现在深夜;2月,磷虾集群与海况及纬度显著相关;3月,集群与时段显著相关;4月,集群与时段及海况显著相关。As a typical aggregating marine organism,aggregation characteristics of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)is an important part of behavioral ecology researches.Antarctic krill are distributed around the South Shetland Islands with high density.The mechanistic explanations of the shape and size of Antarctic krill aggregation remain controversial.The acoustic data of Simrad EK80 collected from the water around the South Shetland Islands were analyzed using Echoview V6.16.Antarctic krill aggregations were classified into 13 types.The effects of environmental(sea surface temperature and sea condition)and spatial-temporal variables on aggregation type were examined by principal coordinate analysis(PCoA).The results showed that sea condition(wave)was the most important fact affecting the aggregation type of Antarctic krill,followed by the illumination intensity.Patched small-sized aggregation had a wide distribution at the spatialtemporal level,with higher proportion both at night and daytime(>30%).Small-sized aggregation often occurred during the daytime,whereas large-sized aggregation occurred at night.Krill aggregation in February was significantly associated with sea condition and latitude,significantly associated with brightness in March,and significantly associated with both brightness and sea condition in April.

关 键 词：南极磷虾 声学 集群 猬集 南设得兰群岛 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]