基于元胞自动机的建筑火灾预测与疏散系统  

Fire Prediction and Evacuation System for Buildings Based on Cellular Automata

作　　者：郑晓芳[1] 黄鹿鸣 傅军栋[1] Zheng Xiaofang;Huang Luming;Fu Jundong(School of Electrical and Automation Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学电气与自动化学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《华东交通大学学报》2020年第2期122-128,共7页Journal of East China Jiaotong University

摘　　要：针对人口密集的较大型建筑,提出了一种基于元胞自动机的建筑火灾预测与疏散系统。该方法首先使用栅格法对建筑平面建模,通过元胞自动机模型实现火灾预测与人群疏散在同一界面显示;然后通过改变出口的不同参数,得出使人群疏散最佳的建筑出口设计方案;最后采用改进后的蚁群算法优化建筑内的疏散灯,使其能够动态地指示逃生方向。仿真实验结果表明,该系统能有效地解决建筑群体内发生火灾时存在的出口设计与人员安全疏散问题。A building fire prediction and evacuation system based on cellular automata is proposed for densely populated large buildings.Firstly,the grid method is used to establish a planar model about the building,and the cellular automaton model is applied to realize the fire prediction and the crowd evacuation on the same interface.Then,the best exit design scheme for evacuating the crowd is obtained by changing different parameters of the exit.Finally,the improved ant colony algorithm is adopted to optimize the evacuation lights in the building,so that it can dynamically indicate the direction of escape.The simulation results show that the system can effectively solve the problem of exit design and personnel safety evacuation in the event of fire in the building group.

关 键 词：火灾预测 出口设计 人群疏散 元胞自动机 蚁群算法 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]