乙醇辅助碳氢燃料催化吸热反应  

Ethanol-assisted Catalytic Endothermic Reaction of Hydrocarbon Fuel

作　　者：许国梁[1] 陈帅[1] 吴春田[1] 唐南方 商庆浩 丛昱[1] XU Guo-liang;CHEN Shuai;WU Chun-tian;TANG Nan-fang;SHANG Qing-hao;CONG Yu(CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,中科院航天催化材料重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《含能材料》2020年第5期416-423,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21476229);国家科技重大专项(2017-III-0005-0030)资助。

摘　　要：先进飞行器对燃料的冷却能力提出了苛刻的要求,迫切需要开发高性能吸热燃料和反应技术。基于醇类可以促进重油裂解提高低碳烯烃选择性的特性,提出乙醇辅助碳氢燃料催化吸热反应的研究设想。采用浆液涂敷法在高温合金管上制备了多种涂层催化剂,在电加热单管反应装置上评价了乙醇辅助碳氢燃料催化吸热反应性能。研究发现,在400~600℃的中低温条件下,乙醇可以在镍修饰的ZSM-5分子筛涂层催化剂作用下脱水生成乙烯,510℃时热沉提高约20%;在更高温度时,乙醇脱除的水可以参与蒸汽重整反应促进燃料吸热;而均相添加剂可以进一步与涂层催化剂协同作用,抑制结焦生成,将体系工作温度提升至791℃,获得3.71 MJ·kg^-1的热沉。Fuel cooling ability is highly critical to advanced aircraft,so it is of great urgency to develop high-performance endothermic fuel and related reaction technology.Based on the characteristics of alcohol promoting the pyrolysis of heavy oil and im-proving the selectivity of low carbon olefins,we propose to couple the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon fuel with ethanol transformation to improve the heat-absorbing capability.A variety of coating catalysts were prepared on a high-temperature alloy tube using a slurry coating method.Endothermic reaction performances were evaluated on a self-made electric heating reaction evaluation apparatus.The research found that,under low and medium temperatures,the Ni/ZSM-5 coating can significantly promote the dehydration of ethanol to produce ethylene,and the heat sink of mixed fuel is increased by about 20% at 510℃.At higher temperatures,the water removed from ethanol participates in the steam reforming reaction to promote fuel heat absorption.A homogeneous additive can also work synergistically with the coating catalyst to show a good coking inhibition performance via improving the stable operating temperature and give a maximum heat sink of 3.71 MJ·kg^-1 at 791℃.These results provide a strong reference for the future design of the actively cooling scheme of aircraft.

关 键 词：碳氢燃料 催化裂解 吸热反应 乙醇辅助 热沉 

分 类 号：TJ763[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程] V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]