高校大学生创业行业特点及差异分析——基于第二、三产业的比较视角  

An Analysis of the Characteristics and Differences of College Students’ Entrepreneurship Industry--Based on the Comparative Analysis of the Secondary Industry and Third Industry

作　　者：纪效珲 曲绍卫[2] 陈怡凌 Xiaohui Ji;Shaowei Qu;Yiling Chen(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084;Institute of Educational Economy and Management,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]北京科技大学教育与经济管理研究所,北京100083 [3]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《教育与经济》2020年第2期88-95,共8页Education & Economy

基　　金：2018年北京科技大学基本科研业务费专项课题“高校大学生创新创业研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于2018年全国21个省级行政区域抽样调查数据,以第二、三产业比较视角,从创业企业现状和发展前景两个维度对高校大学生创业行业特点、差异进行统计分析。研究发现:高校大学生创业类型主要是信息技术服务企业,规模整体属于中型或小型企业,虽然与互联网等新兴技术紧密结合,但高新技术企业占比较低;企业所在行业存在着激烈的竞争,产品或技术却并无明显竞争优势,整体盈利状况并不理想;第二、三产业的创业企业分别在创业时长、启动资金来源、企业规模、行业竞争和融资阶段存在显著差异,近3年内,大学生更倾向选择第三产业创业,所处的行业竞争程度高于第二产业,盈利情况低于第二产业。为提升大学生创业成功率,政府应加强大学生创业项目行业选择引导,落实大学生创业优惠政策;高校应明确创业教育的价值定位,结合经济社会转型升级改革创业教育模式;创业大学生应接受系统的创业教育,做好创业前期行业调查研究。Based on the sample survey data of 21 provincial administrative regions in China in 2018,this paper conducts a statistical analysis of the characteristics and differences of college students’ entrepreneurship industry in terms of the current situation and development prospects of entrepreneurship enterprises,from the perspective of comparative analysis of secondary and tertiary industries.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:the types of college students’ entrepreneurship are mainly concentrated in information technology service enterprises,whose sizes belong to small or medium-sized enterprises on the whole.Although they are closely integrated with emerging technologies such as the Internet,the proportion of high-tech enterprises is relatively low;there is fierce competition in the industry where the enterprises are located,but there is no obvious competitive advantage in products or technologies,and the overall profit situation is not ideal.The venture enterprises in the secondary and tertiary industries have significant differences in the entrepreneurial time,the source of start-up funds,the scale of enterprises,the industry competition and the financing stage.In recent three years,college students prefer to start a business in the tertiary industry,in which the degree of competition is higher than that in the secondary industry,and the profit situation is weaker than that in the secondary industry.In order to improve the success rate of college students’ entrepreneurship,the government should strengthen the guidance of students’ entrepreneurship project industry selection and implement preferential policies for college students’ entrepreneurship;universities should clarify the value orientation of entrepreneurship education,reform the mode of entrepreneurship education in the light of economic and social transformation and upgrading;entrepreneurial college students should receive systematic entrepreneurship education and do a good job in pre-entrepreneurship industry research.

关 键 词：大学生创业 行业特点 行业差异 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]