从定语长度扩增看翻译与现代汉语白话文的发展:以“一个+修饰语+的+名词”的定语结构为例  

Influence of translation on the development of modern Chinese:With the lengthening and expansion of attribute modifiers in focus

作　　者：赵秋荣[1] 王克非[2] ZHAO Qiurong;WANG Kefei

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学外国语学院,北京市100083 [2]北京外国语大学,上海100089

出　　处：《外语教学理论与实践》2020年第1期74-79,F0004,共7页Foreign Language Learning Theory And Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于历时复合语料库1919—2019的翻译对现代汉语语言特征影响研究”(19BYY107);教育部人文社科项目“翻译与创作的历时与共时研究:基于语言接触与语言演变的视角”(16YJC740098);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-TP-18-021A3);全国翻译专业学位研究生教育指导委员会项目(MTIJZW201932);北京科技大学青年教学骨干人才培养计划资助项目(2302019JXGGRC-003)等的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪前半叶,现代汉语白话文的句子结构发生了重要变化,显著表现之一是定语长度增长与容量扩增。本文借助历时复合语料库(1915-1949),以"一个+修饰语+的+名词"为例,首先描述这一结构在翻译汉语与原创汉语中的频率、变化趋势,接着从语言接触和认知视角分析该结构变化的可能性与限度。研究发现:相对旧白话,"五四运动"后短时间内现代汉语白话文的定语长度增加、容量扩展。除了语言自身发展外,以翻译为媒介的语言接触推动了这一进程;由于汉语自身对结构容量扩增十分敏感,再加上认知处理能力的限制,这种扩展有一定限度。In the first half of the 20 th century,the sentence structure of modern Chinese saw great changes,one of which related to the lengthening and expanding of modifiers.By focusing on the attribute modifiers in the structure of"a/an/one+modifier+de+head noun"over time in translated Chinese and non-translated Chinese based on diachronic multiple corpora covering the period 1915-1949,the present study details the frequency and changes,analyzes their causes,and summarizes the features from the perspectives of language contact and cognition.The findings show that the length and capacity load of the attribute modifier were expanded shortly after the May Fourth Movement,a special period during which a flurry of translation activities are thought to have shouldered the mission of reforming Chinese and adopting new ideas from the West.Besides the development of modern Chinese itself,translation-induced language contact may have propelled the process.However,modern Chinese is greatly sensitive to the lengthening and expansion,for long attribute modifiers are needed more cognitive efforts,therefore,the expansion is limited.

关 键 词：历时复合语料库 定语长度增加 容量扩增 可能性与限度 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语]