泰国铁器时代宝石珠饰的科学研究  

Scientific Study of Iron Age Gem Bead from Thailand

作　　者：刘珺 刘琦 刘松[1,2] 李青会 LIU Jun;LIU Qi;LIU Song;LI Qinghui(Center of Sci-Tech Archaeology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Smart Optical Testing Tech-nology Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所科技考古中心,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049 [3]上海光必达检测技术有限公司,上海201800

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志》2020年第1期39-50,共12页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11374314);国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AZD029);上海市科学技术委员会项目(18dz2304700)。

摘　　要：采用能量色散型X射线荧光光谱、共聚焦激光显微拉曼光谱、超景深体式显微系统等多种无损分析技术,结合硅胶覆膜方法,对泰国三乔山遗址出土及泰国、缅甸等地采集的铁器时代宝石珠饰的材质、包裹体、制作加工工艺、产地来源等进行了科学研究。化学成分和物相结构测试结果表明,所分析的宝石珠饰样品的矿物类型主要有绿柱石(海蓝宝石)、铁铝榴石、水晶、玉髓等四种。微痕分析结果表明,这批珠饰样品采用了砣具旋磨和球磨两种磨制技术。珠饰穿孔具有4种孔道组合模式,采用了钻石钻头及石质钻头、棒状实心钻头等钻孔工具,钻孔方式有单面钻孔和双面钻孔两种。科技分析结果表明,宝石珠饰样品具有多种材质属性,穿孔特征多样,制作加工工艺差异明显,说明其产地来源应具有多源性,部分珠饰与南亚地区存在紧密联系。In this paper,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),laser Raman spectroscopy(LRS),optical microscopy(OM),combined with silicone resin molding method were used to analyze some gem beads dated to Iron Age,which were unearthed in Khao Sam Kaeo site in Thailand or collected from Thailand and Myanmar.The mineral phases of both beads and inclusions that contained in some bead matrix,processing techniques of the beads and their provenance were studied based on scientific analysis.The results of XRF and LRS showed that the main mineral phases of the gem beads include beryl(aquamarine),almandine,crystal and chalcedony.According to the features of micro-marks obtained,there are two kinds of techniques that were used to grind the beads.One is the rotary grinding-stone technique,the other is the leather bag technique.Perforations of the beads,which has four combination patterns,are drilled from single-side or double-side.The micro-mark characteristics of drilling process show that the drilling tools include diamond drills,stone drills,rod-shaped drills and so on.The results of scientific analysis show that the gem beads have a variety of material properties,perforation characteristics and processing techniques,which shows the provenances of these gem beads are multi-origins,and some beads are closely related to South Asia.

关 键 词：海上丝绸之路 宝石珠饰 材质属性 制作工艺 泰国 东南亚 

分 类 号：TS93[轻工技术与工程]