知情同意权的功能失灵与应对——兼评《数据安全管理办法(征求意见稿)》相关规定  

The Functional Failure of Informed Consent and Its Countermeasures:Comment on Relevant Provisions of Data Security Management Act(Exposure Draft)

作　　者：林凯 张建肖 Lin Kai;Zhang Jianxiao

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学与犯罪学学院 [2]湘南学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2020年第2期162-186,共25页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：最高人民法院2018年度司法研究重大课题“大数据时代数据权利保护研究”(ZGFYZDKT201820-02);中国人民公安大学2019年度新入职教师科研启动基金(2019JKF411)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：个人信息法语境下,知情同意权的失灵是私法自治规范难以规制权力势差关系的反映。尽管如此,放弃承认该权利将打破删除、更正、可携等权能成立的前提,动摇个人信息权利框架,迫使民事裁判迂回人格权侵权路径,抽空侵犯公民个人信息罪保护的个人法益,也不符合经济学上公共物品效用不可分性与排他性两个特征。《数据安全管理办法(征求意见稿)》采用的区分授权、目的限制、敏感度分级、强势同意等细分机制各具效能,不过仍是“程序加强程序”的形式优化,易于规避。保留知情同意权并发挥其慑止滥权的机能,似乎只能不惜成本地磨合出一系列“场景合理性”式的实质判断标准,并维持独立并高于数据产业的裁判解释权。In the context of personal information law,the failure of the right of informed consent indicates that it seems unfeasible for private law to regulate the asymmetric relationships under power.Nevertheless,giving up this right will weaken the framework of the right to personal information,force the civil judges to interpret in an indirect way,take away the personal legal interests of the protection of citizens'personal information and violate the principle of inseparability and exclusivity of the utility of public goods.The Data Security Management Act(Draft for Soliciting Opinions)adopted different mechanisms such as authorization,purpose limitation,sensitivity classification,and strong consent.They are nevertheless procedural rules that can be easily circumvented.Informed consent can almost barely depend on a series of substantive criteria for"scenario rationality"and the interpretation that is superior to that of the data industry.

关 键 词：知情同意权 个人信息 数据安全管理办法 隐私 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]