不同比例棉秆和甜菜渣混合发酵产物的体外产气特性及发酵参数的研究  

In vitro gas production characteristics and fermentation parameters of feedstuffs with varying proportions of cotton stalks and beet pulp

作　　者：芦岩 张伶俐 罗远琴 魏利 薛雪 孙新文[1] 向春和[1] 毛胜勇[3] 王新峰[1] 张文举[1] LU Yan;ZHANG Ling-li;LUO Yuan-qin;WEI Li;XUE Xue;SUN Xin-wen;XIANG Chun-he;MAO Sheng-yong;WANG Xin-feng;ZHANG Wen-ju(College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China;College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]汕头大学医学院,广东汕头515041 [3]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第5期58-66,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360558);广东省创新强校工程项目青年创新人才项目(2018KQNCX083);动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心开放课题和国家重点研发计划子课题(2018YFD0502101)资助。

摘　　要：本试验旨在利用体外发酵法评价棉秆与甜菜渣混合发酵产物的产气特性和营养品质并筛选出最佳发酵组合。甜菜渣的添加比例分别为10%、30%和50%,尿素添加比例分别为0.1%、0.2%和0.3%,菌液添加比例分别为0.05%、0.1%和0.2%,食盐添加量为0.2%的三因素三水平的正交试验设计,研究各组发酵产物的营养品质,筛选出最佳的发酵条件。结果表明,48 h累积产气量I组与K组差异极显著(P<0.01),与A、D、F组差异显著(P<0.05);G组显著高于K组56.03%(P<0.05);其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05);I组可消化有机物(DOM)和代谢能(ME)最高,分别为722.40 g·kg^-1和9.75 MJ·kg^-1;各组慢速降解参数(b),I组与K组差异极显著(P<0.01),与A、D、F组差异显著(P<0.05);G、H组与K组差异显著(P<0.05);各组快速降解参数(a)、产气速率(c)差异不显著;H组氨态氮浓度与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05),K组与D和F组差异不显著(P>0.05);H、I组可溶性糖与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05),H组显著高于B组44.06%、K组31.23%,K组与其他各组差异显著;pH值、乳酸和微生物蛋白则均无显著性差异(P>0.05);H组的总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度最高,为100.31 mmol·L^-1,显著高于除G组外的其他各组(P<0.05);乙酸和丁酸浓度也最高,显著高于除G和I组外的其他各组(P<0.05);丙酸浓度则为G组最高,显著高于除H组外的其他各组(P<0.05);同时,其乙酸/丙酸(A/P)最低,显著低于A、B、C和K组(P<0.05)。通过对棉秆与甜菜渣混合发酵产物隶属函数分析及综合价值排序得出各组隶属函数平均值分别为I组(0.719)>H组(0.692)>F组(0.595)>G组(0.591)>C组(0.407)>E组(0.400)>B组(0.395)>K组(0.374)>D组(0.307)>A组(0.243)。综上,以干物质基础棉秆与甜菜渣比例50∶50,添加尿素0.1%,复合菌液0.2%,食盐0.2%的I组,其混合发酵产物的体外产气量最高,可消化有机物和代谢能最大,乙酸和丁酸浓度较高,发酵组合综合价值排序最高,为最佳发酵组合,可作�This experiment evaluated the nutritional quality,gas production characteristics and the fermentation products of mixed feedstuffs comprising cotton stalk and beet pulp.A three-factor,three-level orthogonal treatment combination and an in vitro fermentation method were used,in order to identify the optimal fermentation conditions.Beet pulp was added to cotton stalk in proportions of 10%,30%or 50%,with 0.1%,0.2%or 0.3%added urea,and 0.05%,0.1%or 0.2%added bacterial liquid(lactic acid bacteria and yeast are the main components),with salt added 0.2%in all cases.From the 27 available combinations,9 were chosen for inclusion in the experiment,designated A-I,and a control,K,as follows:A)10%beet pulp,90%cotton stalk,0.1%urea,0.05%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;B)10%beet pulp,90%cotton stalk,0.2%urea,0.1%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;C)10%beet pulp,90%cotton stalk,0.3%urea,0.2%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;D)30%beet pulp,70%cotton stalk,0.3%urea,0.05%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;E)30%beet pulp,70%cotton stalk,0.1%urea,0.1%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;F)30%beet pulp,70%cotton stalk,0.2%urea,0.2%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;G)50%beet pulp,50%cotton stalk,0.2%urea,0.05%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;H)50%beet pulp,50%cotton stalk,0.3%urea,0.1%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt;I)50%beet pulp,50%cotton stalk,0.1%urea,0.2%bacterial liquid,0.2%salt and control group K(100%cotton stalk,0 urea,0 bacterial liquid,0.2%salt).It was found that for gas production at 48 hours,Group I was significantly higher than groups A,D,F(P<0.05),and group K(P<0.01),while,there were no significant difference between the other groups(P>0.05).Group I had the highest organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy:722.40 g·kg^-1 and 9.75 MJ·kg^-1,respectively.The slow degradation parameter,b,was significantly higher in group I than in groups A,D,F(P<0.05),and group K(P<0.01).Groups G and H,were also significantly higher than group K(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the other groups(P>0.05).The rapid degradation parameter(a),and the gas production rate

关 键 词：棉秆 甜菜渣 产气特性 发酵参数 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]