鄱阳湖湿地面临的主要问题及原因分析  

Research on principal problems and their drivingfactors in Poyang Lake wetland

作　　者：张范平[1,2,3] 胡松涛 张梅红[1,2,3] ZHANG Fanping;HU Songtao;ZHANG Meihong(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;Research Center of Water Resources and Ecological Environment of Poyang Lake,Ministry of Water Resources P.R.C,Nanchang 330029,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学研究院,江西南昌330029 [2]水利部鄱阳湖水资源水生态环境研究中心,江西南昌330029 [3]江西省鄱阳湖水资源与环境重点实验室,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《南昌工程学院学报》2020年第1期53-59,共7页Journal of Nanchang Institute of Technology

基　　金：江西省水利科技重大项目(KT201508,201821ZDKT15);江西省水利厅重大水利科技竞争性项目(KT201501)。

摘　　要：根据长系列监测数据和现有研究成果,总结梳理了鄱阳湖湿地生态系统在水文节律、水环境和水生态方面面临的主要问题,并分析了引发这些问题的主要驱动因素。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖水文节律在过去十几年发生了重大变化,特别是秋季退水期(10-11月)的变化最为明显;江湖关系的变化是导致鄱阳湖秋季水位快速变化的主要原因,鄱阳湖地形结构的变化加剧了鄱阳湖的枯水情势;鄱阳湖水文节律的变化直接影响了湿地植被的分布、生长和演替;受湖泊水文特征变化和入湖污染物负荷的影响,鄱阳湖水环境质量在局部出现了恶化的趋势。研究成果对于系统认识鄱阳湖湿地面临的主要生态环境问题,更好地制定相应的修复措施提供一定的参考意义。With the global climate change and disturbance of human activities,the natural hydrological regime in Poyang Lake area has changed dramatically,and the spatio-temporal distribution of water condition in the wetland has changed dramatically as well,which brings about the steady transformation of the lake ecological system.This paper summarizes the principal problems and their driving factors in terms of hydrological regime,water environment and ecology system based on long series of monitoring data and previous research results in Poyang Lake wetland.The results show that the wetland hydrological regime has altered greatly in the past decades,especially in the water level recession period(October-November),and that the rapidly changed and longer low water level is dominated by the relationship between Yangtze River and Poyang Lake,and aggravated by the lake structure topography.The change of hydrological regime of Poyang Lake directly affected the distribution,growth and succession of wetland vegetation.The water environment quality has been deteriorating locally due to the altered wetland hydrological characteristics and the increasing pollutants entering the lake.The research results will provide references for better understanding the main ecological and environmental problem existing in Poyang Lake wetland,and provide appropriate measurement for restoration.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖湿地 水文情势变化 生态环境 驱动因子 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]