空间柔性天线展开臂的半主动振动控制研究  

Semi-active Vibration Suppression of Space Flexible Antenna Arm

作　　者：王晓宇[1] 王浩威 闫雪梅[1] 从强[1] 季宏丽[2] 裘进浩[2] WANG Xiaoyu;WANG Haowei;YAN Xuemei;CONG Qiang;JI Hongli;QIU Jinhao(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094;State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics andAstronautics,Nanjing 210016)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]南京航空航天大学机械结构力学与控制国家重点实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第5期116-122,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

摘　　要：大型柔性天线展开臂结构由于其尺寸大,阻尼和刚度小,其振动呈现明显的低频特性,且很难在短时间内迅速衰减,从而影响天线工作性能。传统的被动控制大都采用阻尼材料,通过增加阻尼的方法来进行控制,这种控制方法对低频柔性结构的控制效果是有限的。因此研究带负载的复合材料柔性展开臂结构的振动抑制问题,提出用压电元件粘贴在展开臂结构表面作为传感器和驱动器,用基于同步开关阻尼技术的自适应半主动振动控制方法控制压电驱动器,从而对展开臂结构实现振动控制。完成了展开臂模型的建立和仿真分析,建立了展开臂结构的开关阻尼半主动控制试验平台,设计并制作了控制电路,针对需要控制的结构一阶弯曲模态进行压电元件的合理布设。对不同激励下的振动进行了展开臂结构的控制试验,试验结果显示该方法对带负载柔性天线展开臂结构的振动具有良好的抑制效果,对于初始位移为100 mm的瞬态激励振动工况,受控系统等效阻尼比由0.6%增加至4.03%;对于稳态振幅为50 mm的稳态振动工况,系统控制后结构端部振动幅值降低至10 mm,稳态振动幅值降低了16.843 dB。在大型柔性结构中具有非常好的应用前景。Large flexible antenna arm appears obviously low frequency vibration characteristics, for its light damp and feeble rigidity, caused by large scale. Meanwhile, this vibration cannot decay fast in a short time. Traditional passive control methods are mainly using the damping material, to implement the control by increasing damping, and the control effect of vibration problems on low-frequency flexible structures is limited. The vibration suppression problem on the flexible antennas arm structure of composite material with load is researched. Piezoelectric elements are used as the transducer and actuator, respectively, by sticking on the surface of the antennas arm structure. Vibration control on antennas arm is achieved, by using piezoelectric actuator drove by adaptive semi-active control method, based on synchronous switch damping technique. Simulation and analysis on flexible antenna arm is achieved. A test platform of switch damping semi-active control on antennas arm is built, on which the control circuit is designed and manufactured. In view of the need to control the first-order bending mode of the structure, a reasonable layout of the piezoelectric elements is set up. With the vibration control test under different excitation, the results show that the method has good inhibition to the antenna arm structure with load. For the case of transient excitation of a 100 mm initial displacement, the system equivalent damping ratio rises from 0.6% to 4.03%. For the case of steady state excitation with a 50 mm amplitude, the displacement at the end of the structures after control is reduced to 10 mm. The amplitude of steady state vibration decreases 16.843 dB. It has immense application prospect in large flexible structure.

关 键 词：同步开关阻尼技术 自适应半主动振动控制 柔性展开臂结构 振动抑制 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]