星-机一体的水力几何形态流量估算方法  

Discharge estimation with hydraulic geometry using unmanned aerial vehicle and remote sensing

作　　者：王鹏飞 杨胜天[1] 王娟 潘天力 章四龙 巩同梁 WANG Pengfei;YANG Shengtian;WANG Juan;PAN Tianli;ZHANG Silong;GONG Tongliang(College of Water Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Water Resources Department of Tibet,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [4]西藏自治区水利厅,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《水利学报》2020年第4期492-504,共13页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1603241,U1303381,41261090);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402403,2016YFC0402409)。

摘　　要：河川径流变化的监测是水资源开发及生态建设的基础。但我国仍然存在大范围的水文资料匮乏地区,水资源储量及变化资料的缺失制约着区域社会经济发展。低空遥感及卫星遥感数据能快捷方便地获取河流信息,为此将卫星遥感数据与低空遥感数据相结合,依据水力几何形态理论,通过低空遥感数据建立表征河流水力几何形态的数字模型,在卫星遥感长序列数据的支持下进行流量估算研究,为水文资料匮乏区的中小河流流量监测提供一种新方法。选取位于新疆的玉龙喀什河为研究区,建立表征河流水力几何形态的数字模型,应用卫星遥感数据计算23次不同时期的流量。将计算结果与水文站实测数据对比验证,结果表明,当流量小于200 m^3/s时,基于水面宽的水力几何形态流量估算方法效果较好,其中均方根误差结果为4.65 m^3/s,对该地区进行精细化的水资源管理时具有较强的参考价值;当流量大于200 m^3/s时,同时使用水深和水面宽的水力几何形态流量估算方法具有更好的精度评价结果,80%的流量估算结果在许可误差范围内,对该地区的洪水预报具有参考意义。Monitoring the change of river discharge is the foundation of water resources development and ecological construction.However,there are still a large range of hydrological data shortage areas in China,and the lack of information on water resources reserves and their changes restricts the regional development.UAV photogrammetry and satellite remote sensing technology provide support for obtaining river information quickly and conveniently.In this study,the river topographic data obtained by UAV are used to establish a digital model of river characteristics by dividing the studied river section into micro-channel sections.On this basis,the shape characteristics of the river section are generalized and the width-depth function of the river section is established.Supported by the satellite images,the river discharge is calculated by the theory of hydraulic geometry.In this study,the Yulong Kashi River in Xinjiang was selected as a typical basin of unmonitored area.Through the hydraulic geometry,we calculated discharges in 23 different periods with the support of satellite data.Compared with the measured data of the hydrological station,when the flow rate is<200m^3/s,RMSE of the method with water surface width as the input information is 4.65m^3/s,the average pass rate is 94.44%;when the flow level is≥200m^3/s,RMSE of the method with water surface width and water depth as input information is 80.18m^3/s,the average pass rate is 80%.The results prove the feasibility of combining UAV data,hydraulic geometry theory and satellite remote sensing data.The research method provides a new idea for the coupling of UAV data and satellite remote sensing data in the discharge calculation of small and medium rivers.The results of this study provide valuable data for runoff monitoring in unmonitored areas,and it also offers reliable verification data for simulations under complex conditions in such areas.

关 键 词：无人机 低空遥感 卫星遥感 水力几何形态 流量估算 

分 类 号：TV214[水利工程—水文学及水资源]