海上地震资料子波提取鬼波压制技术  

De-ghosting method based on seismic wavelet derived from water-bottom in marine seismic data

作　　者：邓勇 彭海龙 裴健翔 赫建伟 史德锋 DENG Yong;PENG Hai-long;PEI Jian-xiang;HE Jian-wei;SHI De-feng(CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch,Zhanjiang 524057,China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司,湛江524057

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2020年第1期281-286,共6页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：中海石油(中国)有限公司科技项目“莺歌海盆地模糊区成像处理关键技术研究”(YXKY-2018-ZJ-01)资助.

摘　　要：海洋地震勘探由于受到海面强反射界面的影响,记录数据中存在鬼波,致使数据频谱中产生陷波效应,限制数据的频带宽度,影响数据的分辨率,干扰地层反射的识别.近年来发展的鬼波压制方法,能够较好的压制地震数据中的鬼波,然而现有鬼波压制技术容易产生延续相位,且计算效率较低.为进一步提高鬼波压制效果和工作效率,本文对海上地震资料特性进行分析,研究认为,海上地震资料中的海底反射信号真实记录了海底有效反射、震源鬼波和检波点鬼波的形态,可以利用提取的海底反射子波对数据进行确定性子波反褶积处理,能够有效的压制震源鬼波和检波点鬼波.模型海上实际数据测试结果表明,该方法具有鬼波压制效果好、计算效率高的优势,处理之后的数据频带得到有效拓宽,低频和高频信息均得到加强.In marine seismic exploration,the ghost wave exists in the recorded data due to the influence of the strong reflection interface of the sea,which causes the nulls or notches in the data spectrum,and limits the bandwidth of the data.Through the ghost wave suppression method developed in recent years,the ghost wave can be suppressed better.However,the existing ghost wave suppression technology was easy to produce the continuation phase,and the calculation efficiency was slow.The analysis shows that the seismic data reflection signal of seabed has recorded the form of the effective reflection,the source-ghost wave and the receiver-ghost wave,and the extracted subsea reflection wavelet can be used to do deterministic deconvolution for marine seismic data,which can effectively suppress the source-ghost wave and the receiver-ghost wave.The test results of actual data and model data show that the method has high computational efficiency and good deghost effect,the data's spectrum band after processing was effectively widened,and the information of low frequency and high frequency was strengthened.

关 键 词：鬼波 陷波效应 分辨率 子波提取 拓频 反褶积处理 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P738[天文地球—地质学]