基因编辑技术在斑马鱼中的应用及研究进展  

Research Progress and Application of Genome Editing Techniques in Zebrafish

作　　者：雷立芳[1,3] 蔡英桂 王宏波 吴秀山 叶湘漓[2,3] Lei Lifang;Cai Yinggui;Wang Hongbo;Wu Xiushan;Ye Xiangli(The Third Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha,400013;College of Medicine,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410013;College of Life Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410013)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅三医院,长沙410013 [2]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410013 [3]湖南师范大学医学院,长沙410013

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第2期591-598,共8页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81971086,81270291);国家留学基金(CSC201708430158,CSC201806375055);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(18A028)共同资助。

摘　　要：基因编辑技术通过对特定DNA片段的插入、敲除、修饰或替换等,实现对生物体中目标基因的编辑。与早期基因工程技术将遗传物质随机插入宿主基因组中的方式不同的是,基因编辑技术能够定点需要插入的位置,从而实现对生物体基因组特定位点的准确修饰、人为地改造生物体的遗传信息,目前广泛应用于斑马鱼的基因组学、遗传发育和基因功能研究中。其方法包括诱变技术、Tol2转座子、Morpholino、ZFNs、TALEN和CRISPR/Cas系统等。本研究主要介绍了基因编辑技术的作用机理与发展概况。作为一种精准而高效的基因工程方法,基因编辑技术在近年来得到了飞速地发展。它既可以采用对特定基因的靶向突变来研究基因的功能,也可以通过将功能性基因插入并替代缺陷基因而用于某些遗传性疾病的基因治疗。可以肯定的是,基因编辑技术未来将在基础生物学、医学、生物技术等多个领域具有重要的研究价值和应用价值。Genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted,deleted,modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism.Unlike early genetic engineering techniques that randomly inserts genetic material into a host genome,genome editing targets the insertions to site specific locations,which can precisely alter the genomic sequences and modify the genetic information at the target place of an organism.At present,gene editing technology,which mainly including mutagenesis,Tol2 transposons,Morpholino interference,ZFNs(zinc finger nucleases),TALEN(Transcription activator-like effector nuclease)and CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein),has been widely applied in zebrafish genomics,genetic development and gene function study.In this article,the principle and technology development of gene editing technology were reviewed.As a precise and efficient method of genetic engineering,genome editing has been well developed in recent years.It could be used for research purposes,by targeting mutations to specific genes,and in gene therapy,by inserting a functional gene into an organism and targeting it to replace the defective one,which could be possible to cure certain genetic diseases.It is sure that Genome editing will be utilized widely for basic biology,medicine and biotechnology in the future.

关 键 词：基因编辑 斑马鱼 MORPHOLINO ZFNs TALEN CRISPR/Cas系统 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]