从无序化到规模化:运动员跨项选材的演进历程与经验思考  

From Disordering to Scaling:Development and Experience of Athletes Talent Transfer

作　　者：缪律[1] 史国生[2] MIAO Lyu;SHI Guosheng(College of Physical Education and Sport Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Party and Government Office,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]南京体育学院学院办公室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2020年第3期72-79,共8页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学一般项目(17BE090);江苏2011计划“运动与健康工程协同创新中心”研究成果。

摘　　要：运动员跨项选材是我国推进北京冬奥会、残奥会备战工作的重要举措之一。国际上运动员跨项选材的发展经历了"无序化"和"规模化"两个阶段。澳大利亚和英国等国规模化跨项选材的经验表明:传统选材依旧是运动员成才的主要途径,跨项选材是传统选材的有益补充;跨项选材是运动员成才的关键环节,长期培养和全面保障的意义深远;现有的跨项以赛艇、自行车和跆拳道等夏奥项目以及俯式冰橇等冬奥项目为主。从短期备战角度来看,我国要遴选适合跨项的运动项目,加强备战保障工作,提高运动员成才效率;从长期可持续发展角度来看,要注重运动员全面发展,强化政策引导、深化竞赛改革,进一步发挥竞技体育的综合功能和价值。Athletes talent transfer is one of the measures to promote the preparations for Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics.The development of athletes talent transfer has gone through disordering and scaling stages.The experience of large-scale talent transfer of Australia and Britain shows that traditional talent selection is the main pathway while talent transfer is a useful supplement.Talent transfer is one of the key links for athlete development,and long-term training and comprehensive management have great significance.Existing talent transfer experience is mainly in summer sports such as rowing,cycling,Taekwondo and winter sports such as sledge.From the perspective of Olympic preparation,we should select sports suitable for talent transfer characteristics,strengthen the preparatory support work and improve the efficiency of athletes.From the perspective of sustainable development of competitive sports,we should pay attention to the all-round development of athletes,strengthen policy guidance and deepen competition reform,further develop the comprehensive functions and values of competitive sports.

关 键 词：跨项选材 演进历程 竞技体育可持续发展 冬奥会 

分 类 号：G808.18[文化科学—体育训练]