岩质边坡非饱和带水汽运移机制及其生态学意义  

Water vapor transport mechanism in unsaturated zone of rock slope and its ecological significance

作　　者：周建伟 苏丹辉 袁磊 温冰 冯海波 郑晓明 尹作聪 张安鹏 Zhou Jianwei;Su Danhui;Yuan Lei;Wen Bing;Feng Haibo;Zheng Xiaoming;Yin Zuocong;Zhang Anpeng(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),W uhan 430078,China;Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,China Geological Survey,Baoding Hebei 071051,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430078 [2]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2020年第1期53-59,66,共8页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41572344);科技部“国家重点研发计划项目”(2018YFC1801700)。

摘　　要：岩质边坡非饱和带水分对于边坡植物生长具有重要的生态学意义.目前对岩质边坡非饱和带水汽运移的系统性研究还很少,现有研究大部分集中在大气与岩体的接触面和凝结水能否生成的定性层面,而未将边坡非饱和带作为一个系统整体来研究.为了阐明岩质边坡非饱和带的水汽运移机制及其与边坡植物生长之间的关系,运用热力学和系统科学的理论,开展边坡温湿度监测试验,进行了详细的水汽运移机制的研究.研究发现,岩质边坡非饱和带内的水汽运移驱动力为水汽分压梯度,水汽从水汽分压大的位置向水汽分压小的位置运移.冬季时,水汽从边坡深部向浅部运移,夏季时,水汽从大气向边坡深部运移.岩质边坡非饱和带内存在水汽饱和带,夏季范围较大,冬季范围收缩.同时,通过对岩质边坡复绿植物的成活率进行监测分析,论述了岩质边坡非饱和带内的水汽内循环机制及其生态学意义.本文对于研究岩体非饱和带水文学、探索植物水分来源、指导岩质边坡复绿乃至干旱半干旱带的生态修复都有极为重要的理论和现实意义.Water in unsaturated zone of rock slope has important ecological significance for plant growth.At present,there are few systematic studies on water vapor transport in unsaturated zone of rock slope.Most of studies focus on the interface between atmosphere and rock mass and the qualitative level of whether condensate water can be generated,while the unsaturated zone of rock slope is not studied as a whole sys-tem.In order to elucidate the water vapor transport mechanism in unsaturated zone of rock slope and its re-lationship with plant growth,this paper carries out temperature and humidity monitoring test of the slope by means of thermodynamics and system science theory,and studies the water vapor transport mechanism in detail.It is found that the driving force of water vapor migration in the unsaturated zone of rock slope is the partial pressure gradient of water vapor.In winter,water vapor migrates from deep to shallow part of the slope;in summer,water vapor migrates from atmosphere to deep part of the slope.The unsaturated zone of rock slope has water vapor saturation zone,which is larger in summer and smaller in winter.At the same time,through monitoring and analyzing the survival rate of compound green plants in rock slope,the mechanism of water vapor circulation in unsaturated zone of rock slope and its ecological significance were discussed.This paper is of great theoretical and practical significance for studying hydrology of rock mass unsaturated zone,exploring the source of plant water,guiding the rehabilitation of rock slope and even arid and semi-arid zone.

关 键 词：岩质边坡 非饱和裂隙水 水汽运移 水汽分压 内循环 边坡复绿 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]