THE RULES OF PRESUMPTION IN CHINESE LAWS  

中国法律中的推定规则

作　　者：He Jiahong 何家弘(Renmin University of China Law School)

机构地区：[1]Renmin University of China Law School

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2020年第3期3-29,共27页中国法学（英文版）

摘　　要：The concept of presumption has a degree of fuzziness or ambiguity,and the theory of presumption has some confusions.Therefore,it is necessary to define the three progressive criteria for the concept:presumptions are determinations of unknown facts or disputed facts;presumptions are indirect fact finding based on inference;presumptions are legal rules of fact finding.Instead of discussing the intersected and overlapped categories of presumptions,the author illustrates the eight paradigms of presumptions in Chinese laws:the paradigm of state,the paradigm of right,the paradigm of behavior,the paradigm of cause,the paradigm of fault,the paradigm of meaning,the paradigm of knowing and the paradigm of purpose.推定的概念具有一定的模糊性,而推定的理论具有某种混杂性。因此,我们有必要明确界定这一概念的三层递进标准:第一,推定是对未知事实或争议事实的认定;第二,推定是基于推理的间接事实认定;第三,推定是关于事实认定的法律规则。本文作者没有讨论那些相互交叉且重复的推定种类,而是举例展示了中国法律中推定的八种范式,即事态推定、权利推定、行为推定、原因推定、过错推定、意思推定、明知推定和目的推定。

关 键 词：事实认定 权利推定 推定规则 间接事实 过错推定 混杂性 相互交叉 行为推定 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]