洞穴遗址保存环境的探测与研究--以桂林甑皮岩遗址为例  

Exploration and research on the preservation environment of cave sites:An example of the Zengpiyan site in Guilin

作　　者：卫敏洁 姜光辉[1] 郭芳[1] WEI Minjie;JIANG Guanghui;GUO Fang(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment,School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [2]西南大学地理科学学院岩溶环境重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2020年第1期54-61,共8页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41772269,41977168)。

摘　　要：合理开发、利用并保护洞穴遗址是传承和发扬遗址文化的重要前提。文章以桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址为例,通过对遗址的探测与监测,在认识遗址水文地质单元和地下水特征的基础上,识别其在保存与开发过程中存在的问题,从而提出保护遗址的可能措施,同时也为类似条件洞穴遗址的保护提供参考。研究结果表明甑皮岩遗址的三个保护区存在的问题各不相同:核心保护区主要面临化学侵蚀的风险;一级保护区现有的保护手段缺乏多样性;二级保护区存在监测力度不够的问题。据此提出以下措施:(1)核心保护区应深入研究地下水和还原环境对文化层侵蚀作用的机制;(2)一级保护区应加强对污水排放的管理,增多保护洞穴遗址的形式和手段;(3)二级保护区应加大对环境指标的监测力度,管控保护区范围内工程的建设。由此扩展到一般性洞穴遗址的保护措施有:建立能够显示环境动态的长期监测体系;采用3S技术建立监测网络并辅助规划决策;规范洞穴遗址的勘查与规划管理;多途径提高洞穴遗址保护的宣传力度和公众的参与乐趣。Reasonable exploitation,utilization and protection of cave sites are important premises for heritage and development of site culture. Taking the Zengpiyan cave site in Guilin as an example,this work identifies the problems in the process of preservation and development based on the detection and monitoring of the site and the recognition of the hydrogeological units and groundwater characteristics of the site. Then possible measures were suggested for the protection of the site,which will aid in the protection of cave sites under similar conditions. The results show that there are different problems in the three protected areas of the Zengpiyan site,i.e. the core protected area is facing the risk of chemical erosion,the existing protection methods of the first-class protected area lack diversity and the second-class protected area lacks sufficient monitoring. Accordingly,the following measures are put forward,(1)The mechanism of groundwater and reductive environment on the cultural layer erosion should be studied in depth in the core protected area.(2)The management of sewage discharge should be strengthened and the forms and means of cave site protection should be increased in the first-class protected area.(3)The monitoring of environmental indicators should be strengthened and the construction of projects within protected areas should be controlled in the second-class protected area. Furthermore,the protection measures should be extended to general cave sites,including establishing a long-term monitoring system that can show the environmental dynamics;using 3S technology to establish a monitoring network and assist planning;standardizing the exploration and planning management of cave sites;and improving the publicity of cave site protection and public participation capacity through multiple ways.

关 键 词：甑皮岩 洞穴遗址 保存环境 探测 保护 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]