长江口潮差中长期变化对河口生态环境的影响  

Medium-and Long-term Changes in Tidal Range in the Yangtze River Estuary and Their Potential Impacts on Ecological Environment

作　　者：张赛赛 杨世伦[1,3] 李鹏[4] 陈沈良[1] 李占海[1] 石学法 ZHANG Sai-sai;YANG Shi-lun;LI Peng;CHEN Shen-liang;LI Zhan-hai;SHI Xue-fa(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co.,Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China;Chongming Ecological Research Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;Forecast Center for East China Sea, SOA, Shanghai 200136, China;First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062 [2]中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司,上海200062 [3]华东师范大学崇明生态研究院,上海200062 [4]国家海洋局东海预报中心,上海200136 [5]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2020年第2期317-325,共9页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-山东省人民政府海洋科学研究中心联合资助项目——海洋地质过程和环境(U1606401);国家重点研发计划项目——应对转型中的河口三角洲(2016YFE0133700);大型水库影响下河流水文泥沙动力过程与水沙输运通量变化(2016YFA0600901)。

摘　　要：为了探讨长江口潮差的中长期变化对生态环境的影响,利用小波变换法对1972—2018年该河口代表性潮位站的潮差序列(共66336个数据)进行周期性分析。结果表明,该站潮差除了常见的15 d大、小潮周期外,还有变幅约19 cm(相当于多年平均潮差的7.5%)的0.5 a周期和变幅约16 cm(相当于多年平均潮差的6.3%)的18.5 a周期。月均潮差极大值出现在3月和9月,极小值出现在6月和12月。年均潮差极大值出现在1977,1996和2015年,极小值出现在1986年和2005年。上述潮差变化在时间上与长江口灾害性盐水入侵、悬沙浓度长周期变化以及水下三角洲冲淤转变等重大事件存在明显的对应关系。结论认为,上述中长期潮差周期变化对长江口生态环境具有不可忽视的潜在影响,在今后对河口生态环境的研究中应得到重视。In order to explore the possible impact of the medium-and long-term changes in the tidal range of the Yangtze River estuary on the ecological environment,this study uses the wavelet transform method to analyze the tidal ranges at an representative tidal station in the estuary during the period from 1972 to 2018(66336 data in total).The results show that,in addition to the commonly 15d spring-neap tide cycle,there exists a period of 0.5a(19 cm in variation range,or 7.5%of the average tidal range)and a period of 18.5a(16 cm in variation range,or 6.3%of the average tidal range).The maximum monthly tidal range occurred in March and September,whereas the monthly tidal range occurred in June and December.The maximum annual tidal range occurred in 1977,1996 and 2015,whilst the minimum annual tidal range occurred in 1986 and 2005.These periodic variations in the tidal range have obvious correspondences with some major environmental events such as severe saltwater intrusion,variation in suspended sediment concentration and erosion/accretion transformation of subaqueous delta erosion/accretion.We suggested that the medium and long-term tidal cycle changes potentially have important impacts on the ecological environment of the Yangtze River estuary,and should be paid attention in the near future studies.

关 键 词：潮差 季节变化 年代际变化 小波分析 长江口 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]