晚清士人对意大利昔盛今衰的历史对比与书写意识  

The Construction of the Italian History of the Scholars in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘澍 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京 100875

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2020年第4期36-44,共9页History Teaching

摘　　要：中国与意大利的历史,有秦汉和古罗马的强盛,也有近代衰颓。晚清一批知识分子研读罗马史,追思古罗马,反思19世纪意大利之积贫积弱,从气雄万夫的古罗马到衰老不堪的意大利,晚清士人以人的生老病死比附民族兴衰;从“王者兴”到气数已尽,这与德国哲学家奥斯瓦尔德·斯宾格勒文化形态史观在很大程度上暗合。本文审视晚清国人记录意大利古今的文本,分析晚清文本中对罗马帝国巅峰的表述、对罗马帝国衰亡原因.的探讨、古罗马与中国历史的相通之处、意大利在文艺复兴后的衰落原因等问题,从中探析意大利历史对晚清中国的借鉴作用。China and Italy are similar in many ways.They both had a section of the prosperous history:China had the old Qin-Han golden age and Italy had the classic Pax Romana.Likewise,both China's and Italy's economy and power are weakened in the recent past hundreds of years.In the later Qing period,some scholars studied the ancient Roman history.They contemplated on how Italy had fallen from the almighty Roman Empire to the crippled Italy in the 19th century.The late-Qing scholars compared the spirit of a country to the life-death cycle of a human being.A country can enjoy its energetic stage in her 20s or 30s.She can also tumble into the elder phase and fade gradually into the background.Such analogy parallels to Oswaldo Spengler*s idea that culture is a superorganism with a limited and predictable life span.This essay relies on the original copy of how the late-Qing scholars observe Italy.The late-Qing scholars recorded the heyday of Roman Empire,discussed the reasons of its demise,assessed the origin of late-Qing scholars hatred towards Christianity,and examined the post-Renaissance faltering of Italy.From the series of side-to-side analysis,the late-Qing scholars found the hint of fate on Chinese history.

关 键 词：晚清 意大利 古罗马 文化形态史观 康有为 

分 类 号：K2[历史地理—历史学]