衡水湖沉积物中典型持久性有机污染物污染特征与风险评估  

Occurrence and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Persistent Organic Pollutants in Hengshui Lake

作　　者：张嘉雯 魏健[1] 吕一凡 段亮[1] 刘利 王俭[2] 孟淑锦 ZHANG Jia-wen;WEI Jian;Lü Yi-fan;DUAN Liang;LIU Li;WANG Jian;MENG Shu-jin(Department of Water Environment Treatment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Environmental Sciences,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Hengshui Environmental Monitoring Center,Hengshui 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水环境治理研究室,北京100012 [2]辽宁大学环境学院,沈阳110036 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]河北省衡水环境监测中心,衡水053000

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第3期1357-1367,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2019YSKY-009)。

摘　　要：在衡水湖布设11个点位,于2018年8月和2019年3月开展两次采样,对衡水湖沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)这3类典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)进行污染特征分析及生态风险评价.结果表明:①8月和3月衡水湖沉积物中∑PAHs平均值分别为875.49 ng·g^-1和1 010.17 ng·g^-1,与国内外其他地区相比处于中等污染水平,∑PAHs空间分布存在差异,但是季节变化差异不明显;PAHs污染来源复杂,最主要为木材和煤燃烧,其次为石油污染;PAHs生态风险处于较低水平,建议加强对芴的防控.②8月和3月衡水湖沉积物中∑OCPs平均值分别为35.57 ng·g^-1和38.39 ng·g^-1,与国内外其他地区相比处于中等污染水平,∑OCPs空间差异较小,季节差异变化显著;沉积物中DDTs含量主要受土壤中长期分化残留的DDTs和新DDTs源输入的影响,HCHs含量同时受工业历史使用和农业林丹的输入的影响;OCPs总体生态风险处于中等水平,需加强对DDTs防控.③8月和3月衡水湖沉积物中∑PBDEs平均值分别为1.77 ng·g^-1和1.45 ng·g^-1,与国内外其他地区相比处于较低污染水平,各点位∑PBDEs空间差异较小,季节变化差异不明显;沉积物中PBDEs主要为低溴代PBDEs,其污染可能来源于纺织、泡沫品产生的五溴联苯醚,也可能是通过远距离的大气、水体沉降迁移或岸边土壤冲刷入湖;PBDEs暂时没有生态风险.Sediment samples were collected from 11 typical sites in Hengshui Lake separately in August 2018 and March 2019. Characteristics and ecological risk assessment of typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), organochlorine pesticides(OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs), in these sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the average content of ∑PAHs in sediments of Hengshui Lake was 875.49 ng·g^-1 and 1 010.17 ng·g^-1 in August 2018 and March 2019, respectively. Compared with other regions in China and abroad, ∑PAHs in sediments from Hengshui Lake were at moderate pollution level. Distribution of ∑PAHs varied between different sites, but the values changed within a narrow range in different seasons. Sources of PAHs in sediments from Hengshui Lake were complex, but combustion of wood and coal was the main source, followed by oil pollution. Generally, the ecological risk of PAHs was at a low level. However, fluorene pollution control should be strengthened. For ∑OCPs, the average values in sediments were 35.57 ng·g^-1 and 38.39 ng·g^-1 in August and March, respectively. Compared with other regions, the pollution of ∑OCPs was at a moderate level. In addition, the distribution of ∑OCPs varied a small amount between different sites. There were significant differences between the two seasons. The contents of DDTs in sediments were mainly related to the residual DDTs after long-term soil weathering and the input of recent DDTs sources. Contents of HCHs in sediments were influenced by the use of HCHs in industrial history and inputs of agricultural lindane. Generally, the ecological risk of OCPs was at a medium level, but the DDTs pollution control should be strengthened. For ∑PBDEs, the average values were 1.77 ng·g^-1 and 1.45 ng·g^-1 in the sediments in August 2018 and March 2019, respectively. Compared with other regions, they were at a lower pollution level. The distribution of ∑PBDEs showed small differences between different

关 键 词：持久性有机污染物 衡水湖 沉积物 源解析 生态风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4