读心理论论四十年:从常识心理学到心智化系统  

The Forty-Year Theory of the Mindreading Theory:From Folk Psychology to Mentalizing System

作　　者：陈巍 CHEN Wei

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院心理学系,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期109-116,203,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“现象学与神经科学对话中他心问题的重构及其超越研究”(16CZX015),项目负责人:陈巍。

摘　　要：理论论是当前心灵哲学与认知科学中解释读心现象的主流理论之一,已经走过了四十年的发展历程。基于常识心理学的概念体系,理论论认为我们不能直接观察到他人的心理状态,必须以推断的方式获知他心的存在,并以此解释和预测他人的行为。这种心智化的能力本质上是一种理论,它以心理模块的形式预存在人类大脑中,并在后天的叙事实践中得以建构完善。来自神经科学的实验证据揭示了大脑中存在一个心智化系统,该系统以内隐或外显的方式参与读心活动,其所具有的可塑性确保了经验影响理论的意义。迄今为止,读心理论论只能提供框架理论,仍然缺乏一种精确的描述性机制,并有待接受神经科学的系统检验。The theory-theory is one of the main theories to explain mindreading phenomenon in the current philosophy of mind and cognitive science.Based on the conceptual system of folk psychology,the theory-theory holds that we cannot observe the mental states of others but have to infer their presence somehow,so as to explain and predict the behavior of others.This mentalizing ability is essentially a theory,which may be wired in the human brain in the form of mental modules and is constructed and perfected in the acquired narrative practice.Experimental evidence from the brain and neuroscience reveals the existence of a mentalizing system in the brain that participates in mindreading activities in implicit and explicit ways,and its plasticity ensures that the meaning of experience influences theory.So far,mindreading theory can only provide a framework theory,but it still lacks an accurate descriptive mechanism and needs to be systematically tested in neuroscience.

关 键 词：读心 理论论 常识心理学 心智理论 心智化系统 

分 类 号：B84-06[哲学宗教—基础心理学]